BLOA
•People who have suffered a damage to their ____________ _________ _______ :
–Show an inability to learn from previous mistakes
–Continue to repeat behaviors even when result in negative consequences
–Their intellect, problem-solving, and memory remain normal
•Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
•What is one thing that schema theory can explain that Atkinson & Shiffrin’s model cannot?
•Memory distortion.
•As an SFSer, I think SFS is WAAAY better than YISS or any other international school. We are smarter, taller, better looking, and just more awesome in every single way. If I ever refereed a soccer game between SFS and another school, I’d definitely give more red cards to the other team. What am I portraying?
•In-group bias.
Darley and Latane (1968) was what type of a study?
Lab experiment (smokey room study)
How do SSRI's treat depression?
hint: yellow 61
This is theorized to improvement in mood.
•The use of placebos can potentially violate which ethical consideration?
•Informed consent. It is important that the participant knows that s/he may be receiving the treatment or a placebo.
What is selective attention?
•The tendency to focus on a limited amount of stimuli when several are occurring at the same time
•What is one ethical consideration of Festinger’s famous Doomsday cult study?
•Because he used a covert participation observation, deception and the lack of informed consent is a considerable issue.
What is this:
It posits that individual behavior will be motivated by a desire to increase our self-esteem. This desire can influence group dynamics and intergroup interactions.
Self-esteem hypothesis
What's the name of the common phenomenon whereby one patient is diagnosed with multiple disorders?
Comorbidity
•This is a research design which makes sure that when groups are compared that they have the same characteristics – for example, stressed smokers are only compare with non-stressed smokers.
•A matched-pairs design.
How did Speisman et al. (1964) investigate the extent to which manipulation of cognitive appraisal could influence emotional experience?
He used anxiety-evoking films with 3 different soundtracks (trauma condition, intellectualization condition, and denial condition,” and took physiological measures (eg. heart rate)at each viewing
•Did Berry’s study of conformity use an etic or emic approach?
•His team used the Asch paradigm which is a standardized Western approach to testing conformity. It is an etic approach – it assumes that this standardized procedure can be universally applied to test rates of conformity.
What did Fisher (2003) fMRI study of neurobiological mechanism of attraction look at first when they went into the fMRI scanner?
hint: yellow 109
A photograph of their beloved
What is the name given to disorders that are unique to a particular country or culture?
Culture-bound syndromes
•State two limitations of evolutionary arguments of behavior.
•They assume that behavior is inherited and based on genes – and is therefore reductionist.
•Do not establish cause and effect.
•Often cannot be empirically tested.
•Makes comparisons to animals which may not be appropriate for human behavior.
Minjae and Ligun went to Hongdae to try out the new boba place. before meeting Irene and Lexy to study for psychology. A few days later Ligun saw a pizza ad and said to Minjae, "Remember that day we drank boba and ate pizza?" What happened?
A false memory.
•What did Cialdini find was the effect of losing on sports fans’ behaviour?
•They changed language coding. Instead of saying “we won!”, they said, “they lost.”
Explain Burne (1971)'s similarity-attraction hypothesis.
hint: yellow 110
People are likely to be attracted to individuals who are perceived to be similar to themselves.
Because people who share our attitudes and values validate ourselves and boosts our self-esteem --> leads to attraction.
What symptoms were Rosenhan's pseudopatients asked to give the clinicians at the hospitals?
That they heard a voice that said "thud", "hollow" and "empty."
•What do you call the birth of new neurons? (Hint: This happens both in pre-natal development and in adults in the hippocampus.)
•Neurogenesis.
•What is the optimism bias?
•The tendency to think that nothing bad will ever happen to you.
•What are three traits of an individualistic society?
•Focus on achievement, independence and freedom. Need for privacy. Uniqueness is valued. Speaking someone’s mind is important. Self-actualization is a goal. Self-reliance is valued.
What was the IV and DV of Pillavin et al. (1969)?
hint: yellow 108
IV: whether the victim was drunk or ill (carrying a cane)
DV: if anyone helped the victim
Felmingham et al. (2007) wanted to assess the effectiveness of imagination therapy on PTSD patients. How many participants did they use, and what did they have in common?
8 participants
victim of car crashes or assaults