Sampling Techniques
Depending on the nature of the study, this sampling methods may lead to sampling or researcher bias
Convenience/Opportunity sampling
Identify the DV in the following research question: Does caffeine increase attention span?
Attention span
This is the type of hypothesis where one predicts that the IV will have an affect on the DV
A research hypothesis
These are the three main parts to a study
Aim, method, results
Before beginning an experiment, researchers must obtain this from the participants.
Informed consent
A type of sampling where everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample.
Random sampling
This is the variable that the researcher manipulates.
The Independent variable
These are the two conditions in an experiment.
The experimental condition and control condition.
This term refers to when a study measures what it is intended to measure.
Validity
All participants have the right to this, meaning they can leave the experiment if they wish.
Right to withdraw
A Sampling method where participants volunteer to be in the study
Volunteer/ Self-selected sampling
This type of hypothesis says that the IV will have no affect on the DV.
A null hypothesis
This term refers to when a study reflects what happens in real life.
Ecological validity
This is an ethical consideration in which the researcher does not tell the participants the true aim initially.
Deception
Type of sampling where participants are in the study because they are readily available.
Convenience/opportunity sampling
What type of study establishes causation
A true/lab experiment
In this type of experiment the study is carried out in the natural environment, but the researcher still manipulates variables.
What is Field experiment
This is the ability of a study to produce the same results if repeated multiple times.
Reliability
All samples should be _______. That is, they reflect the target population.
Representative
The best type of sampling method to reduce the chance of sampling bias
Random sampling
Give the definition of Researcher Bias and suggest one way it could be avoided.
Errors in research that occur due to the personal motives and/or expectations of the researcher or research team. Standardization, Double-blind control, replication.
A problem with experiments is that if they are highly controlled and the environment is artificial, the study may have________
Low ecological validity
When an experiment was conducted using appropriate controls so that it supports the conclusion that the independent variable caused observed differences in the dependent variable. This means the study has high _______
Internal Validity
In research, the aim is to be able to take our findings and apply them to the larger population. What is this called?
Generalizability