Biological
What part of the brain regulates our impulsive actions?
Prefrontal cortex
What are the two systems of processing in the Dual Processing Model of thinking and decision making called?
system one (intuitive) and system two (rational, controlled)
What is the process of acquiring the cultural values and understanding cultural norms of one's home culture?
Enculturation
Who proposed social cognitive theory?
(Albert) Bandura
What are the three approaches in IB Psychology?
Biological, Cognitive, and Sociocultural
What is the name of the system of glands in the body that release hormones?
Endocrine system
What is a bias in thinking and decision making where we tend to focus on information that is consistent with our existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
Which acculturation strategy has the best mental health outcomes for immigrants, according to research?
Integration
Loftus and Palmer's second experiment showed that 32% of the smashed condition reported seeing broken glass. This creation of false memories because of inaccurate information is a phenomenon known as?
The misinformation effect
What does MAOA stand for?
Monoamine oxidase A
Why does SM have damaged amygdalae?
From a rare genetic condition
What are three characteristics of system two processing?
slow, conscious, based on logic, rational, based on consequences, controlled
In Barry et al.'s study, which types of cultures valued independence and initiative?
Low food accumulating (subsistence economies), like those relying on hunting and fishing
What three tests did Feinstein et al. conduct on SM to measure her fear?
Haunted house, pet store, and observing scary film clips
What is the name of the amino acid that serotonin is synthesized from?
Tryptophan
How do we know from Radke et al.'s study that testosterone influences the brain in response to social threat, and not just in response to other people?
It only impacted the amygdala when viewing the angry faces, not the faces with other emotions.
What are four characteristics of system one processing?
fast, nonconscious (unconscious), automatic, intuitive, based on experiences, based on emotion
Where does a sense of identity come from in a collectivist culture and an individualistic culture? (Two answers)
Collectivist - belonging to a group
Individualistic - individuality (including personal achievements)
What were two results of Meyer-Lindenberg's study comparing MAOA-H and MAOA-L participants?
MAOA-L (low) gene expression participants had more activity in their amygdala and less activity in the PFC when viewing angry faces.
Social cognitive theory was originally called....what?
Social learning theory
Describe the process of releasing stress hormones (cortisol and adrenaline) in response to perceiving a threat. There are four specific glands and parts of the brain you must mention (A, H, P, A)
The amygdala perceives the threat, sends a signal to the hypothalamus, which signals the pituitary gland, which signals the adrenal glad and stress hormones are released.
Who coined the term "schema"?
Jean Piaget
According to Berry's model, what are the four acculturation strategies?
Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization
What evidence from Torres study suggests that integration can reduce the effects of discrimination?
There was a correlation between "higher Anglo-behavioural orientation" (e.g. were fluent in English) and reduced levels of acculturative stress as a result of discrimination.
Who is arguably the most famous criminologist today? He is the author of "The Anatomy of Violence" which looks at the biological origins of crime.
Adrian Raine