Approaches
Which approach focuses on brain and biology?
Biological Approach
Who studied obedience?
Stanley Milgram
Define neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger that transmits signals across synapses
"Participants gave shocks under authority pressure"
Stanley Milgram
One ethical issue in obedience research
Deception, psychological stress
Define the cognitive approach
Studies internal mental processes like memory, thinking, and decision-making
What did Solomon Asch study?
Conformity to group pressure
What is a schema?
A mental framework used to organize and interpret information
"Children imitated aggressive models"
Albert Bandura
One strength of lab experiments
High control, replicability
One strength of the biological approach
Uses scientific methods (brain imaging), high reliability
What did Albert Bandura show?
Aggression is learned through observation (Bobo doll study)
Define cultural norm
"Line judgment under group pressure"
Solomon Asch
One limitation of interviews
Social desirability bias (overreporting good behavior, underreporting negative behavior)
Apply one approach to explain memory errors
Cognitive approach; memory is reconstructive and influenced by schemas
Explain the findings of Harry Harlow
Attachment is based on comfort (contact comfort), not just feeding
Explain one research method
Laboratory experiment - controlled setting, allows cause-and-effect conclusions
Case study, longitudinal study, survey, cross-sectional
"System 1 and system 2 thinking"
Kahneman and Tversky
What does it mean to be able to generalize the results of a study?
Apply to the larger population
One limitation of the sociocultural approach
Difficult to isolate variables; culture is complex
What did Elizabeth Loftus find?
Memory is reconstructive and influenced by leading questions.
Reliability vs. validity
Reliability - consistency of results
Validity - accuracy of what is measured
"Leading questions changed memory"
Elizabeth Loftus
Cultural bias example
Research findings may not apply across cultures