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What is the main function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and to transfer carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
What is Vo2 Max?
The maximum amount of oxygen a person can utilize during intense exercise, measuring aerobic endurance.
Name the part of the brain primarily responsible for the coordination of movement and balance.
The cerebellum.
What role do mitochondria play in muscle cells?
Mitochondria produce the energy (ATP) required for muscle activity, especially during prolonged activities.
Describe the role of ATP in muscle contraction.
ATP provides the energy for muscle fibers to slide past each other during contraction and also for the pumping of calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow the muscle to relax.
Explain the role of creatine phosphate in muscle energy metabolism.
Creatine phosphate provides a rapid source of phosphate groups to regenerate ATP from ADP, supplying energy quickly for high-intensity, short-duration exercises.
What is the Frank-Starling mechanism in the heart?
It describes the relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume, where the heart will pump out more blood if it is filled with more blood (within physiological limits).
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in an athlete's diet?
To provide energy, especially during high-intensity training.
Explain the difference between type I and type II muscle fibers.
Type I fibers are slow-twitch, fatigue-resistant, and are used for endurance activities. Type II fibers are fast-twitch, fatigue faster, and are used for short bursts of speed or power.
Describe the concept of angular momentum in sports.
Angular momentum refers to the quantity of rotation of a body, which remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque, influencing movements in sports like gymnastics and diving.