Atomadom
This dense, positively charged center contains protons and neutrons.
What is the nucleus?
Elements in a group share a common number of these.
What are valence electrons?
This unit contains exactly the Avogadro constant of entities.
What is a mole?
This describes reactions transferring heat to their surroundings.
What is exothermic?
This bond features electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is an ionic bond?
These are atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers.
What are isotopes?
This property increases across a period and decreases down a group.
What is ionization energy/electronegativity?
This formula gives the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is an empirical formula?
This law states enthalpy change is independent of the reaction pathway.
What is Hess's law?
The VSEPR model uses the repulsion of these to predict shapes.
What are electron domains?
The physical transition from solid to gas.
What is sublimation?
Period 3 oxides transition from basic to this intermediate property, to acidic.
What is amphoteric?
This reactant is entirely consumed, determining the theoretical yield.
What is the limiting reactant?
This value is calculated by subtracting sum of bonds formed from bonds broken.
What is average enthalpy change of a reaction?
This is the weakest intermolecular force, dependent on molecular size.
What are London dispersion forces?
The emission spectrum of this element provides evidence for discrete energy levels.
What is hydrogen?
Discontinuities in ionization energy trends provide evidence for these.
What are energy sublevels/ orbitals?
This is molar volume (the number of litres per mole of ideal gas).
What is 22.7 dm^3 mol^-1?
Measuring heat loss in this apparatus is a common source of systematic error.
What is a calorimeter?
This occurs when there are multiple possible positions for a double bond.
What is resonance?
The convergence limit at higher frequency in an emission spectrum corresponds to this.
What is ionization?
This metric measures efficiency in green chemistry based on reaction stoichiometry.
What is atom economy?
This specific energy cycle applies Hess's law to ionic compound formation.
What is a Born-Haber cycle?
This is calculated for atoms to determine the preferred Lewis formula
What is formal charge?