Treaties
This 1805 agreement with the Mississaugas of the Credit covered 250,830 acres of land, encompassing modern-day Toronto.
What is Treaty 13?
This Anishinaabe First Nation, whose ancestral lands include the Greater Toronto Area, is named for the river where they historically traded and conducted commerce.
Who are the Mississaugas of the Credit?
The name of this city comes from a Mohawk word meaning "where there are trees standing in the water".
What is Toronto?
This 1818 agreement with the Chippewa Nation ceded nearly 1.6 million acres of land, opening up areas like modern-day Simcoe County and Bradford to British settlement.
What is Treaty 18?
Meaning 'the original people,' this major cultural and linguistic group includes the Chippewa, Odawa, and Potawatomi nations of the Great Lakes region.
Who are the Anishinaabek (Anishinaabe)?
This iconic Toronto avenue gets its name from an Ojibwe word meaning "high place" or "sudden rise in the land."
What is Spadina?
Signed at Kempenfelt Bay in 1815, this agreement with the Anishinaabe peoples secured roughly 100,000 hectares of land, bridging the gap to Georgian Bay and encompassing modern-day Orillia.
What is Treaty 16?
Emerging from the historic Fur Trade, this distinct Indigenous people of mixed First Nations and European ancestry developed their own language, Michif, and unique culture on the Canadian Plains.
Who are the Métis (Métis Peoples)?
Meaning "village" or "settlement" in the St. Lawrence Iroquoian language, it became the name of the world's second-largest country by landmass.
What is Canada?
In 1798, the Chippewa and the British Crown signed Treaty 5, purchasing the harbor land of this future Ontario town to establish a strategic Lake Huron naval base.
What is Penetanguishene?
Meaning 'People of the Longhouse,' this powerful alliance—originally a confederacy of five nations, and later six—united under a Great Law of Peace across what is now upstate New York and southern Ontario.
Who are the Haudenosaunee?
This capital city's name comes from an Algonquin word meaning "to trade."
What is Ottawa?
Signed in 1923, this pair of Ontario land agreements became notorious as Canada's most restrictive treaties after they stripped seven Anishinaabe First Nations of their traditional hunting and fishing rights.
What are the Williams Treaties?
This populous Anishinaabe nation is famous for their birchbark canoes, spiritual traditions, and historic territories surrounding the Great Lakes.
Who are the Chippewa?
Meaning "beautiful water" or "large lake" in Huron-Iroquoian, it shares its name with Canada's most populous province.
What is Ontario?