Illinois
The ability to read, write, identify, understand, interpret, evaluate, create, and communicate effectively by using visual, auditory, and digital materials across disciplines and contexts.
What is literacy?
The concept that letters or groups of letters in alphabetic orthographies (i.e., written systems) represent the phonemes (sounds) of spoken language
What is alphabetic principle?
Using one or more strategies to identify a printed word and its meaning; using knowledge of the logic of the written symbol system (especially letter–sound relationships and patterns in alphabetic orthographies) to translate print into speech.
What is decoding?
Hints that are provided by an author to support readers as they connect them to their prior knowledge to interpret its vocabulary and message.
What are context clues?
Involves translating speech into print using one’s alphabet, phonemic awareness, and letter-sound knowledge to spell words through writing.
What is encoding?
A consonant sequence before or after a vowel within a syllable, such as cl, br, or st; it is the written language equivalent of a consonant cluster.
What are blends?
Making meaning of what is viewed, read, or heard. It includes understanding what is expressed outright or implied as well as interpreting what is viewed, read, or heard by drawing on one’s knowledge and experiences. May also involve application and critical examination of the message in terms of intent, rhetorical choices, and credibility.
What is comprehension?
The ability to act (speak, read, write) with ease and accuracy. The ability to read text accurately, with sufficient speed, prosody, and expression. It is an essential component of reading because it permits the reader to focus on constructing meaning from the text rather than on decoding words.
What is fluency?
The process of recording language graphically by hand or other means, as by letters, logograms, and other symbols
What is writing?
A combination of two letters representing one sound (e.g., /sh/, /ch/, /th/, /ph/, /ea/, and / ck/).
What is a digraph?
A term that, in the broadest sense, refers to a corpus of peer-reviewed research on how we learn to read and develop as readers. A convergence of accumulated and evolving findings from research regarding reading processes and reading instruction (pedagogy) and how the two are implemented across contexts that interactively bridge cultural, social, biological, psychological, linguistic, and historical bases of learning.
What is science of reading?
Entails students reading a text with the guidance or support of a teacher who gradually withdraws to transfer increasing responsibility to the student.
What is scaffolded reading?
Reading material that is designed to prompt beginning readers to apply their increasing knowledge of how the alphabetic system works. Progressively sequenced, primarily incorporating words that consist of previously taught letter-sound patterns (e.g., the letter p represents the sound /p/) and spelling-sound (e.g., the pattern igh represents the long i sound, as in the words light, bright, night) correspondences, along with selected high-frequency irregularly spelled sight words.
What are decodable texts?
The process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language.
What is reading?
Includes both foundational and language comprehension instructional features, such as phonemic awareness and phonics (understanding the relationships between sounds and their written representations), fluency, guided oral reading, vocabulary development, and comprehension. An alternative interpretation is that it mixes features of whole language and basic skills instruction.
What is balanced literacy?
The ability to detect and manipulate the smallest units of spoken language. Individuals can blend phonemes to form spoken words, segment spoken words into their constituent phonemes, delete phonemes from spoken words, add phonemes, and substitute phonemes.
What is phonemic awareness?
The study of structure and forms of words, including derivation, inflection, and compounding.
What is morphology?
The ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of sentences and words. Examples include being able to identify words that rhyme, recognizing alliteration, segmenting a sentence into words, identifying the syllables in a word, and blending and segmenting onset-rimes.
What is phonological awareness?
A combination of three letters that represent one sound (phoneme) in a word (e.g., the three-letter combination igh in light).
What is a trigraph?
An approach to teaching reading that emphasizes the systematic relationship between the sounds of language and the graphemes (i.e., letters or letter combinations) that represent those sounds. Learners apply this knowledge to decode printed words.
What is phonics?
The deliberate recognition and inclusion of all forms of student diversity as a pool of resources from and toward which curriculum, instruction, and all aspects of school policy should be designed. In practice, it means the alignment of curriculum and instruction with students’ backgrounds, life experiences, and cultures.
What is culturally responsive education?
The pattern or structure of word order in sentences, clauses, and phrases, or the rules for determining how a language will be used to formulate a thought.
What is syntax?
The ability to communicate effectively through spoken language.
What is oracy?
Small-group reading instruction for students who are grouped by their assessed instructional reading level. The focus of instruction is on specific comprehension, phonics, and fluency needs. Differentiated instruction is provided to students in small groups based on their assessed instructional reading level.
What is guided reading?
An understanding and a recognition that not all brains are the same or work the same way.
What is neurodiversity?