INTRO TO SCIENCE
Ch. 1
Ch. 1
1. What is the first step of the scientific method?
OBSERVE
6. What is the definition of matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
11. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy
Mass/Energy canNOT be created NOR destroyed
16. What is an atom?
The smallest fundamental building block of matter
21. What is an isotope?
An atom with a differing number of neutrons
2. What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess
7. What is the definition of an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
12. What is the difference between evaporation and sublimation?
Evaporation = liquid to gas; sublimation = solid to gas
17. What two particles are in the atom's nucleus? What are their charges?
Protons (positive) and Neutrons (neutral)
22. What is buoyancy?
Upward force exerted by fluids
3. What are the three base units of the metric system?
meter, liter, gram
8. What is the difference between a molecule and a compound
A molecule is any combination of atoms, a compound is made atoms of two or more elements.
13. What are the four states of matter?
gas, liquid, solid, plasma
18. What particle has a negative charge? Where are these particles found?
Electrons (-) orbit the atom in rings called Orbitals
23. What is density and what is the formula to find density?
Density is the amount of matter within a given space.
D = M/V
4. What do the prefixes kilo-, hecto-, and deka- mean?
kilo- = 1000, hecto- = 100, deka- = 10
9. What is the difference between physical changes and chemical changes?
Physical changes may change the state of matter but the substance remains the same. A chemical change creates an entirely new substance.
14. What is the difference between condensation and deposition?
condensation = gas to liquid ; deposition gas to solid
19. What does the atomic number equal? A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7 which means...
Atomic number = number of protons (OR electrons)
Nitrogen has 7 protons and 7 electrons
24. What is a valance electron?
Electrons found on the outermost orbitals that determine how an atom will bond with other atoms.
5. What do the prefixes deci-, centi-, and milli- mean?
deci- = 0.1 (tenth) , centi- = 0.01 (hundredth), and milli- .001 (thousandth)
10. What is the Kinetic Theory of Matter?
All matter is made of particles that are constantly moving.
15. What are the four behaviors of all gases?
1. Expand to fill container 2. They spread and mix easily 3. Compressible 4. Pressure increases with temperature
20. What is atomic mass?
Nitrogen has an mass of 14, with an atomic # of 7. How many neutrons does it have?
The mass number equals the amount of protons AND neutrons.
14 - 7 = 7
25. What is viscosity? What materials have a HIGH viscosity?
A fluid's resistance to flow.
Honey, toothpaste, slime all have a high viscosity.