Carb/Lipid Metabolism
The organ that provides the blood glucose requirements between 2-24 hours of fasting.
What is the liver? (Glycogen stores)
Carb, Lipid, and Pancreas Lecture slide 5
A disorder identified by its two most common symptoms:
Dry mouth and Dry eyes
Bonus: The test that evaluates aqueous tear production.
What is Sjogren's syndrome?
Bonus: Schirmer's test
Lecture 12, slide 35
High TSH and low T4 is indicative that there is a problem where?
What is a disease in the thyroid gland?
Lecture 13 slide 57
The components that red blood cells lack.
What are cell nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria?
CBC lecture slide 6
Cause of the net negative charge of DNA and RNA.
What is the phosphodiester backbone?
Polynucleotide Electrophoresis lecture slide 4
Two metabolites that can be converted into pyruvate.
What is Lactic acid and Alanine?
Carb, Lipid, and Pancreas Lecture slide 12
Hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE).
What is generation of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Lecture 13, slide 11
Intermediary in the action of PTH to elevate serum calcium levels.
What is vitamin D?
Lecture 13 slide 30
When erythropoietin is released, what does this indicate?
What organ releases this hormone?
What is hypoxemia? What is the kidney?
CBC lecture slide 7
Function of Ethidium bromide (EtBr).
EtBr is a fluorophone, meaning it absorbs light having a short wavelength (high energy) light, and re-emits the absorbed energy as light as a longer wavelength (lower energy).
Binding of EtBr to nucleotides of DNA desolvates EtBr (removes water) and so it is only the nucleic acid/EtBr complex that fluoresces
"Fluorescent dye" for DNA
Note: EtBr intercalates with DNA and is a mutagen, causing errors in DNA replication.
Polynucleotide Electrophoresis lecture slide 5
Activity of glycogen phosphorylase/synthase when phosphorylated.
What is glycogen phosphorylase is fully active when phosphorylated while glycogen synthase has reduced enzymatic activity when phosphorylated?
Carb, Lipid, and Pancreas Lecture slide 25
In evaluating erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), what indicates a greater inflammatory response of the immune system?
What is the further the RBCs have descended?
Lecture 12 slide 26
List symptoms of the autoimmune disease caused by TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) that bind to and stimulate TSH receptors resulting in autonomous production of thyroid hormone.
What is anxiety, weight loss, fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeat, bulging eyes?
Lecture 13, slide 19
The term for the average size of the RBC and the term used for the average mass of Hb per individual RBC.
What is mean corpuscular volume? What is mean corpuscular Hb?
CBC lecture slide 15
Three important steps of each DNA amplification "cycle" of PCR includes:
What is 1. Denaturation of template (Duplex separation and access to single strand) 2. Annealing (ie specific binding of primers) 3. Extension of the primers (by DNA polymerase)?
Polynucleotide Electrophoresis lecture slide 16
Type of fatty acids that can support gluconeogenesis.
Trick question--> Fatty acid metabolism cannot support gluconeogenesis.
Carb, Lipid, and Pancreas Lecture slide 37
An autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of acetylcholine receptors.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Lecture 12, slide 39
Serum Sodium Osmolality: Low
Urine Sodium and Osmolality: Normal to High
Plasma ADH: High
What is the condition?
What is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?
Lecture 45, slide 57
Deficiency in this vitamin causes megaloblastic anemia.
What is B12?
CBC lecture slide 20
The unstable and dynamic increase in simple repetitive elements of DNA is a type of mutation referred to as:
What condition is this found in?
What is trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion?
What is Huntington's Disease?
Polynucleotide Electrophoresis lecture slide 17
Two ketone bodies that the brain can use for its energy source.
What is acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate?
Carb, Lipid, and Pancreas Lecture slide 43
The three requirements that should be met before a disorder is categorized as truly caused by autoimmunity:
1. Presence of an immune reaction specific for some self antigen or self tissue
2. Evidence that such a reaction is not secondary to tissue damage but is of primary pathologic significance
3. The absence of another well-defined cause of the disease
Lecture 12, slide 8
Location of TRH receptors.
What is the Anterior pituitary?
Lecture 13 slide 12
The type of white blood cell that releases histamine.
What is the basophils?
CBC lecture slide 27
The duplex concentration (M) after 2 PCR cycles.
At 0 PCR cycles, duplex concentration was at 1.0 x 10^-12 M
What is 4.0 x 10 ^-12?
Polynucleotide Electrophoresis lecture slide 13