Let's Kill Some Bugs!
Antibiotic class that is usually the backbone of Mycobacterium avium complex treatment
What is a macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin)?
Typical warning we give patients starting rifampin
What is it will change the color of your body fluids to orange/red-tinged?
Two initial blood tests we order if we suspect aspergillosis
What are Fungitell and Aspergillus galactomannan?
Name 3 pathogens associated with pustular lesions
What is Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Group B Streptococcus, Cutibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium marinum, HSV, VZV, Mpox, smallpox, Candida spp...?
Name the two most common bacteria we think of when we hear branching Gram positive rods
What is Nocardia and Actinomyces?
Scary, face-eating mold famously not treated with voriconazole?
What is Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Lichtheimia, etc.)?
Name 2 antimicrobials that you should not order without checking for potential interactions first
What are rifampin, ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors), voriconazole, macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin), ketoconazole, itraconazole, linezolid?
What is elevated intracranial pressure (diagnosed with elevated opening pressure with lumbar puncture)?
Bacterium most commonly associated with cat bites
Name two bugs that you should never consider contaminants in a blood culture
What is Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and other Enterobacterales, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella spp?
Name 5 antibiotics active against MRSA (bonus points if you can state which ones are oral vs IV)
What are vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tedizolid, daptomycin, minocycline, doxycycline, tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline, clindamycin, TMP-SMX, delafloxacin, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, dalbavancin, oritavacin, telavancin, lefamulin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, fosfomycin?
Two laboratory tests you should monitor in a patient with long-term therapeutic TMP-SMX
What is potassium and creatinine?
Triazole mold-active agent that currently does not routinely require drug level monitoring
What is isavuconazole?
Name 3 pathogens associated with eschar formation
What is Bacillus anthracis, Rickettsia spp (africae, connorii, parkeri, slovaca, akari, japonica, rickettsii...), Fusarium, Mucorales, Scedosporium, Aspergillus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Cryptococcus neoformans, Sporothrix schenckii, HSV, VZV, Mpox, Orf, Leishmania, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphthreriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Aeromonas, Vibrio vulnificus, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What is CMV PCR?
Name 5 antibiotics active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftolozane/tazobactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, cefiderocol, aztreonam, delafloxacin, tobramycin, plazomicin, colistin, polymyxin B, fosfomycin?
If you suspect one of these infections, you should not start ART in a patient with HIV and low CD4 count
CMV retinitis, cryptococcal meningitis, tuberculosis, PML
Besides the CSF fungal culture, this test can help us differentiate between recurrent cryptococcal meningitis and CNS IRIS in a patient with elevated opening pressure and a persistently positive cryptococcal CSF antigen
What is Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii CSF PCR?
Not recommended to do this with the wound when sampling for Mpox
Name two microorganisms we can identify with a buffy coat
What is Histoplasma, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, microfilariae, Plasmodium, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, CMV?
Name 3 antibiotics active against Enterococcus spp.
What is ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, vancomycin, linezolid, tedizolid, daptomycin (high-dose), quinupristin-dalfopristin, tigecycline, oritavancin, nitrofurantoin (UTI)?
This may happen to a patient on valproic acid after starting treatment for an ESBL+ bacterial infection
What is they may experience seizures because carbapenems will significantly decrease the plasma levels of valproic acid?
Fungal species you would suspect is causing the tinea corporis in a patient who has not responded to terbinafine in 4 months (assuming adherence to treatment)
What is Trichophyton indotineae?
Name 3 bacteria associated with surgical head wounds
Name the 3 most common AmpC producers
What is Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella aerogenes?