ID Dx
What (2) tests are used to diagnose HIV
1) HIV 1/2 antigen/Antibody immunoassay
2) HIV 1 & HIV 2 Antibody differentiation assay
Traveler's diarrhea treatment (mild)
Bonus: traveler's diarrhea prophylaxis
Fluid replacement
Bonus: rifaximin
This imaging finding of “beads on a string” is characteristic of this biliary condition
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
This medication is the first-line therapy for Wilson disease
Penicillamine
What is the diagnosis?
Patient presents with undulant fever for weeks, hepatosplenomegaly, depression, and back pain
Brucella
What is the diagnosis?
Neck stiffness, headache, cranial nerve VI neuropathy, night sweats, weight loss
Tuberculosis meningitis
What is the management for someone who is exposed to HBV and is not already vaccinated?
1) Give Hep B immune globulin
2) Repeat HBsAg & anti-HBc in 6 months
This antibody is associated with autoimmune hepatitis type 1
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) or anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA
The standard treatment for achalasia involves one of these two interventions
Pneumatic dilation or Heller myotomy (with or without fundoplication)
This condition is characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis on duodenal biopsy
Celiac disease
What malarial illness causes mental status alterations, seizures, hepatic failure, DIC, intravascular hemolysis, metabolic acidosis, kidney disease, hemoglobinuria, and hypoglycemia
Plasmodium falciparum
First line treatment for documented or suspected invasive aspergillosis
Voriconazole
The "double duct sign" on imaging suggests concurrent obstruction of these two ducts and is most commonly associated with this malignancy.
The common bile duct and pancreatic duct, and what is pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
This biologic agent targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease
Ustekinumab
Name 3 indications for oseltamivir use in the flu
1) If outpatient & has been < 48 hrs
2) If hospitalized
3) If outpatient but have severe illness (PNA)
Name at least 3 major clinical forms of mucor
1) Rhinocerebral
2) Pulmonary
3) Abdominal/pelvic/gastric
4) 1° cutaneous
5) Disseminated
Fulminant C diff treatment
Bonus: what is the criteria for fulminant C diff
high dose vancomycin + IV metro
Bonus: Either WBC >15 or Creatinine > 1.5 + hypotension, shock, ileus, toxic megacolon
In a patient with chronic diarrhea, skin hyperpigmentation, and arthritis, this histopathologic finding is diagnostic of Whipple's disease.
Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages in the small bowel?
This agent is used for chemoprevention in patients with Barrett’s esophagus who are at high risk for progression to adenocarcinoma
Aspirin (or NSAIDs in general)
This condition is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the MEN1 gene and is associated with hypergastrinemia and refractory peptic ulcer disease.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
How to diagnose common variable immune deficiency?
Decreased IgG, IgA, and IgM levels
Followed by decreased antibody to pneumococcal and tetanus vaccines (protein- and polysaccharide-based vaccines)
Latent TB treatment (include duration)
INH + rifapentine x 3mo
Rifampin x 4mo
INH + Rifampin x 3mo
The Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) include recurrent abdominal pain related to defecation, change in stool frequency, and change in stool form, occurring for at least this duration
1 day per week for the past 3 months
In the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose achieves its therapeutic effect through this specific mechanism.
Acidification of the colonic contents, which converts ammonia to ammonium and reduces systemic absorption
This syndrome is caused by the overproduction of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from a VIPoma and is associated with watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria
Verner-Morrison syndrome