periodic table
What is the chemical symbol for Gold
Au
Why do atoms form bonds
Atoms form bonds to become more stable, usually by getting a full outer shell of 8 electrons (like the noble gases), making them less reactive.
What is the definition of matter, and what are two basic properties all matter has?
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
Heat energy naturally moves from colder objects to hotter objects.
False (It moves from hot to cold
What are the three main "subatomic particles" that make up an atom, and what is the charge (positive, negative, or neutral) of each?
(Protons: +, Neutrons: 0, Electrons: -)
what element has the symbol 'O'?
Oxygen
What's the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? In an ionic bond,
one atom gives (transfers) an electron to another, creating positive and negative ions that stick together (metal + nonmetal). In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal).
Describe the shape and volume of a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
olids have fixed shape/volume; liquids have fixed volume but take container's shape; gases have no fixed shape or volume.
Temperature is a measure of the average ______ energy of the particles in a substance
Kinetic (or movement).
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom, and where are the electrons found?
(Nucleus contains protons & neutrons; electrons are in the "electron cloud" around the nucleus)
How are elements arranged on the modern periodic table?
Increasing atomic number
What are valence electrons?
They are the electrons in the very outer shell of an atom, and they are the ones involved in forming chemical bonds.
Is melting ice a physical or chemical change? What about milk turning sour?
Melting ice is physical (still water); milk souring is chemical (new substance formed).
Which temperature scale uses 0°C for freezing and 100°C for boiling?
Celsius
What part of the atom determines its identity as a specific element (like Carbon or Oxygen)?
The number of protons, also called the atomic number
What is an element's atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity
Give an example of something with a covalent bond
h2o water
How do you calculate density, and what does it tell us about an object?
Density = Mass / Volume; it tells how much "stuff" is packed into a space.
If you put a cold spoon in hot soup, what happens to the spoon's particles?
They speed up (and the soup's particles slow down)
If an atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, what is its atomic mass number, and what is its atomic number
(Mass Number = 12, Atomic Number = 6)
What do elements in the same vertical column (group or family) generally share?
Similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons
What's the name for an atom with a charge
An atom with a positive or negative charge is called an ion
How do the particles (atoms/molecules) in a solid, liquid, and gas move differently
Solids: vibrate in place; Liquids: slide past each other; Gases: move freely and spread out.
What is the name of the tool used to measure temperature?
Thermometer
What do we call an atom that has gained or lost an electron and now has an electrical charge?
ion