Connective Tissues
Bacteriology, Virology, and Mycology
Interleukins and Cytokines
Leukocytes
Immunopathology
100
The area of lymph nodes where B cells are activated.
Lymph node follicle
100
The pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) associated with gram-negative bacteria.
LPS
100
The cytokines/interleukins that cause fever.
IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-alpha
100
The name of the process by which neutrophils release DNA to trap and kill extracellular pathogens.
Neutrophil Extracellular trap (NET).
100
A chronic, multi-organ autoimmune disease in which the body creates antibodies against its own healthy tissues.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
200
The type of collagen found in bones, ligaments, and tendons.
Collagen Type 1
200
The type of bacteria that cannot be destroyed by the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Gram-positive bacteria
200
The cytokine secreted by Th1 cells that activates macrophages.
IFN-gamma
200
The activated form of B cells that produces antibodies.
Plasma cells or plasmacytes or CD138+ cells.
200
A chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from stimulation of sebaceous glands by circulating androgens, dysbiosis of the pilosebaceous follicle microbiome, and cellular immune responses.
Acne Vulgaris (common acne).
300
The malignancy associated with "punched out, lytic lesions" in bone on x-ray imaging.
Multiple myeloma.
300
The bacteria, that if left untreated by antibiotics, may lead to inflammation of heart, joints, skin, and nervous system.
Group A Strep or S. pyogenes.
300
The primary interleukin(s) responsible for T cell maturation in the thymus.
IL-2 and IL-7 (and notch)
300
A professional phagocyte that is recruited first in the inflammatory response.
Neutrophils.
300
The primary immune cells responsible for destruction of alveolar space in centriacinar emphysema.
Neutrophils and macrophages (in response to inflammation and damage caused by components in cigarette smoke).
400
A group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasias that typically affect people ages 10-20 that arise from fusion of the EWSR1 and FLI1 gene leading to aberrant cell proliferation.
Ewing Sarcoma.
400
The syndrome caused by toxin-producing streptococci or S. aureus resulting in overactivation of Th cells and a cytokine storm.
Toxic Shock Synde (TSS).
400
The primary interleukin(s) responsible for B cell activation and immunoglobulin class switching to IgE.
IL-4 and IL-13.
400
The cells that express CD68.
Monocytes, macrophages, or tissue macrophages (ex. microglia and Kupffer cells).
400
The condition characterized by short stature, webbed neck, nail dysplasia, premature ovarian failure, and lymphatic network dysgenesis resulting in congenital lymphedema.
Turner's Syndrome. (45X)
500
The syndrome associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), deep fibromatosis (desmoid tumor), and osteoma.
Gardner's Syndrome.
500
The condition caused by allergic hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus that most commonly manifests as bronchiectasis on imaging, history of asthma, and IgE/IgA antibodies against Aspergillus.
ABPA
500
The cytokine released from Th cells that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes.
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
500
The primary leukocyte responsible for death of cancer cells in response to small monoclonal antibody therapy.
Natural Killer Cells (NK cell).
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) occurs when an antibody binds to the surface of a cell, then NK cells bind the Fc region using CD16, then NK cells release perforin and granzymes to kill the target cell.
500
A severe form of immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the IL2RG gene leading to improper leukocyte function.
X-linked SCID.