Unit 4 - Modals
What are two modals verbs used to express mild obligation, suggestion, or advice?
Which one is more formal?
should and ought to (ought to is more formal)
Examples:
I think you should spend less money.
Your sister ought to clean up this mess.
Choose the correct modal for each sentence:
1. Soldiers should / have to wear a uniform.
2. You mustn't / don't have to eat those berries - they're poisonous.
1. Have to (its a rule/obligation from someone else)
2. Mustn't (prohibition/expresses the opinion of the speaker)
Complete the phrasal verb:
1. The taxi will pick us ____ at 5:30 am.
up
Pick up = to go somewhere in your car and collect somebody who is waiting for you
All the sentences use "WILL" correctly, EXCEPT
A) I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
B) Be careful! You will fall.
C) We'll send you an email tomorrow. I promise.
D) I told your brother that we'll be away for two weeks.
A) CORRECT - beliefs about the future
B) INCORRECT - We don't use "will" for predictions based on evidence, we use "be going to" instead.
C) CORRECT - to make offers and promises
D) CORRECT - future fact or prediction
Add a prefix to each word to make the words mean the opposite.
1. polite
2. legal
3. lucky
1. impolite
2. illegal
2. unlucky
What are two modal verbs used to express strong obligation?
Which one can express an obligation that involves the speaker's opinion?
Must and have to
(Must can be used to express obligation based on speaker's opinion.)
I must pass the exam to graduate.
Choose the correct modal verb for each sentence:
3. If you can't sleep, you shouldn't / don't have to drink coffee before you go to bed.
4 Mark's a sales representative. He has to / must travel a lot.
3. shouldn't (advice = it's not a good idea to do sth)
4. has to (obligation as part of his job)
Complete the phrasal verb:
I'm not going to ____ up with his behavior any longer. He's rude to me and my friend.
put
Put up with = tolerate (to accept somebody/something that is annoying, unpleasant, etc. without complaining )
All the sentences use "BE GOING TO" correctly, EXCEPT
A) I decided last month that I am going to be a physicist.
B) I saw Sarah yesterday. She's going to have a baby.
C) I'm going to see the doctor tomorrow.
D) We're going to get married next winter.
A) CORRECT - Future plan, decision or intension made before the moment of speaking.
B) CORRECT - Prediction based on evidence.
C) INCORRECT - It would be better to use the present continuous in this case because it refers to the near future and expresses future arrangement (I've called the doctor's office and made the appointment.)
D) CORRECT - It's an intention/I've made preparations (CAREFUL - "We're getting married" is also correct. Sometimes there is no difference between an arrangement and an intention.)
Add a suffix to each word so that they become ADJECTIVES
1. expense
2. success
3. understand
1. expensive
2. successful
2. understandable
What is the difference between "mustn't" and "don't have to"? Provide an example.
"Mustn't" indicates "prohibition."
-You mustn't take photos inside the museum.
"Don't have to" expresses "absence of obligation" (you can, but it isn't necessary.)
-When you go into a store, you don't have to buy something.
Choose the correct modal verb for each sentence:
5. A: 'I've got a bad cough.'
B: 'You mustn't / shouldn't smoke.'
6 Do you must / have to get up early tomorrow?
5. shouldn't (advice)
6. have to (questions with "have to" are more common/A question with must is unusual. Its form would be "Must I....?")
Complete the phrasal verb:
Mario hated sports, but now he has taken _____ basketball.
up
Take up = to learn or start to do something, especially for pleasure
Complete the rule:
We use modals _____, ______ and _____ when we are not sure about the future. For example:
I ____stay at home tonight or I _____ go to the cinema.
We _____ see Mary at the meeting. She sometimes goes.
We use modals may, might and could when we are not sure about the future:
I might stay at home tonight or I might go to the cinema.
We could see Mary at the meeting. She sometimes goes.
Complete the sentences with the word "happy" + a suffix or prefix.
1. Money does not always leads to _______.
2. Mario is very ______ with his job. He's overworked and underpaid.
3. They lived _____ ever after.
1. happiness - Noun (felicidad)
2. unhappy - Adj. (infeliz)
3. happily - Adv. (felizmente)
Complete the sentence with another modal (expression) used to express permission.
You can get married when you're 18.
You ________ get married when you're 18.
be allowed to
You are allowed to get married when you're 18.
The following sentences are correct, EXCEPT (choose three).
A) Give it back, or we will call the police!
B) Could you tell me the time?
C) The government must do something about the environment.
D) If you go to a public park, you mustn't pay an entrance fee.
E) I don't think you shouldn't buy that sweater. It's ugly.
F) What should we have for dinner?
A) INCORRECT. When expressing an intention, decision or offer at the moment of speaking, the contracted form of "will" should be used. (CORRECT: Give it back, or we'll call the police!)
B) Correct. We can use "could" to ask for sth.
C) Correct. We can use "must" to express strong obligation based on speaker's opinion.
D) INCORRECT. "mustn't indicates "prohibition" (CORRECT: If you go to a public park, you don't have to pay an entrance fee.)
E) Incorrect. Double negative. (CORRECT: I don't think you should buy that sweater.)
F) Correct. We can use should to make an informal suggestion.
Is the following phrasal verb separable or inseparable? Replace the object for an object pronoun.
She didn't give up work when she had the baby.
Separable.
She didn't give work up when she had the baby.
She didn't give it up when she had the baby.
Complete the sentences with a future form:
1. Los Angeles is a great city. I'm sure you ____ (have) a good time there.
2. I'm not sure but we _______(see) Catrina at the funeral tomorrow.
1. Los Angeles is a great city. I'm sure you'll have a good time there.
2. I'm not sure but we might/could/may see Catrina at the funeral tomorrow.
Complete the sentences with the word "appear" + a suffix or prefix.
1. She wasn't concerned about her ____ when she was a kid.
2. She _____ to be really mad at her boyfriend.
1. appearance - noun (apariencia)
2. appeared - verb (parecía)
What modal verbs can be used to make requests? (Mention at least three.)
Can - Can I borrow your pen?
Could - Could you tell me the time, please? (more formal than "can")
Will - Will you help me?
Would - Would you mind helping me? (more polite than "will")
The following sentences are incorrect, EXCEPT (choose three).
A) She can speaks three languages.
B) You may go home now.
C) You ougth to see the doctor.
D) I hate having to get up on cold winter mornings.
E) He was able to escape by climbing onto the roof of the prison.
F) You haven't to buy a present for my birthday.
A) Incorrect. After a modal the main verb should be in base form. (She can speak three languages.)
B) CORRECT. May can express permission. (very formal)
C) Incorrect. Spelling. (You ought to see the doctor.)
D) CORRECT. ("Have to" is a semi-modal, it acts as a normal verb, i.e., has -ing form, can be use in infinitive, negative with an auxiliary, etc.)
E) CORRECT. "Be able to" is a semi-modal. In past, it is used to talk about ability on one specific occasion.
F) Incorrect. The negative form of "have to" is "don't have to." (You don't have to buy a present for my birthday.)
Is the following phrasal verb separable or inseparable? Replace the object for an object pronoun.
Inseparable.
I'm looking forward to it.
Complete the sentences with the correct future form:
3. This time tomorrow we ______ (fly) to New Zealand. We'll be about halfway through the flight.
4. We are going to______ (run out) of coffee soon. The tin's almost empty.
3. This time tomorrow we will be flying | 'll be flying to New Zealand. We'll be about halfway through the flight.
4. We are going to run out | 're going to run out of coffee soon. The tin's almost empty.
Complete the sentences with one of the words "athlete / athletic." Pronounce the words correctly.
1. She was recognized as the greatest female _____ in the world.
2. Samara is a tall, slim ____ girl.
1. She was recognized as the greatest female athlete in the world. (nouns are normally stressed in the first syllable - /ˈæθliːt/ )
2. Samara is a tall, slim athletic girl. (adj. are normally stressed in the second syllable - /æθˈletɪk/ )