Absolutism in Western Europe
1 cause for the development of absolutism in Western Europe
What are new monarchs, commercial rev, 17th century of crisis
The differences in social class strength between Eastern and Western Europe (nobles, middle class, peasants)
E W
strong nobility weak nobility
nonexistant middle class powerful middle class
serfs free peasants
King James I's view on parliament
What is as advisors?
The culminating achievement of the Scientific Revolution
What is Newton's law of universal gravitation?
Fill in the equation:
______ + _______ ___ = progress
What is reason, what is natural law?
A philosopher who supported absolutism, citing the need for a strong authority to prevent our human greed from leading us to a constant state of war
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
1 way in which nobles under Eastern absolutism were worse off than under Western absolutism
What is being taxed, since Louis didn't tax his nobles?
2 ways in which Charles violated the Magna Carta
What are expansions of taxes, forced loans on wealthy people, use of the court of star chamber, arbitrary persecution of Protestants after converting church to Arminianism, etc?
The initial reaction by the Catholic Church to the heliocentric theory, and the reason for that reaction
What is indifference, as they were preoccupied with the Protestant Reformation?
2 primary causes of the Enlightenment
What are the works of John Locke, Newton and the mechanistic worldview, and skepticism?
Fill in the blanks:
Louis XIV and other absolute monarchs united their states under one ___, one ___, and one ___
What are king, law, faith
The Eastern absolute monarch who wanted to make his country "The Sparta of the North." He was the second absolute monarch of his country
Who is King Frederick William I
Fill in the blank:
Oliver Cromwell used the _____ Army to help instate _____ religious policies
What is New Model, what is Puritan
3 causes of the Scientific Revolution
What are medieval universities, the Renaissance, the printing press, the Reformation, and the age of exploration?
The way French Enlightenment writers got around Louis' censors
What is playwriting?
Fill in the blank:
Louis XIV separated nobles' ___ from their ___, domesticating them while allowing them to maintain some privilege
What are power, status
3 Russian policies that promoted westernization.
What are building churches which appeal to Westerners, the beard tax, bringing in Westerners to teach universities, encouraging nobles to speak French, and expanding westward to be in the European sphere of influence
Details of the Treaty of Dover
What is Charles II secretly asking Louis XIV for money so he didn't have to rely on Parliament, which Louis XIV agreed to on the conditions that Charles II make England Catholic?
Definitions of inductive and deductive reasoning, and their respective creators
I: Utilizing experiments to draw big conclusions about the world, created by Francis Bacon
D: Starting with big ideas and using logic alone to draw smaller conclusions, created by Rene Descartes
4 policies shared by the Enlightened Eastern Monarchs
What are promotion of education, restriction of violent punishment, reduction of censorship, use of reason in law, not much religious toleration, promotion of right to own property, no constitutions, and mercantilism?
The single defining characteristic of Baroque art, and how it was used by absolute monarchs to centralize power
What is the purpose of having emotional impact, and intimidating the nobility with the monarch's opulence?
4 reasons why serfdom existed in Eastern Europe
What is the Black Death causing nobles wanting to hold on to their labor supply, a weak king meaning no one benefits from having free peasants, lack of peasant camaraderie meaning no revolts, a lack of towns, and the capitalistic nature of Eastern nobles due to the price revolution?
2 acts passed by parliament preceding the Glorious Revolution, and what action of the king they were in response to.
(weird question but basically the why parliament passed 2 acts directly before the GR took place)
Declaration of Indulgences --> Test Act
arbitrary arrest --> Habeus Corpus Act
6 important scientific revolution figures and their contributions
Who are Galileo, Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Brahe, Bacon, and Descartes
The role nobles played in the French Enlightenment specifically following their liberation from Versailles.
What is moving to apartments in Paris causing them to live among the middle and lower classes. To distinguish themselves, they focused on education and started questioning traditional power structure. Eventually, they dreamed of becoming like England.