Neuro & Regulation
A patient sits down to eat dinner. Which division of the autonomic nervous system becomes more active?
parasympathetic nervous system
A patient is sitting quietly watching television. Which lung volume is being used during each normal breath?
tidal volume
A patient has decreased blood pressure due to dehydration. Which organ detects this change and initiates the RAAS system?
kidneys
A patient has weakness of hip flexion following lumbar nerve injury. Which lumbar plexus nerve is MOST likely involved?
femoral nerve
A therapist is reviewing pelvic anatomy with a student. Which three bones fuse to form the innominate bone?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
A patient suddenly stands up and experiences a temporary drop in blood pressure. Which receptors detect this change?
baroreceptors
A patient is instructed to take the deepest breath possible before exhaling forcefully. Which lung capacity is being measured?
vital capacity
A patient has been fasting for 18 hours. Which pancreatic hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose?
glucagon
A therapist is testing sensation over the anterior thigh. Which lumbar plexus nerve primarily provides motor innervation to the quadriceps?
femoral nerve
A pregnant patient reports pelvic girdle pain during walking. Which joint is primarily responsible for transferring ground reaction forces from the lower extremities to the spine?
sacroiliac (SI) joint
A patient experiences increased heart rate and decreased GI motility after narrowly avoiding a car accident. Which autonomic division is responsible?
sympathetic nervous system
A patient has difficulty expanding the rib cage following surgery. Which rib movement primarily increases the lateral diameter of the thorax?
bucket-handle movement
A patient has damage to the renal cortex. Which primary kidney function would be MOST affected?
blood filtration through the nephrons
A patient has weakness with hip adduction following pelvic surgery. Which lumbar plexus nerve is MOST likely affected?
obturator nerve
A patient demonstrates excessive anterior pelvic tilt during standing posture. Which movement of the lumbar spine would MOST likely accompany this position?
lumbar extension (increased lordosis)
A patient has damage to the vagus nerve. Which body system would MOST likely demonstrate decreased parasympathetic activity
heart and gastrointestinal tract
A patient demonstrates shallow breathing due to pain. Which thoracic dimension is primarily increased by diaphragmatic contraction?
superior-inferior (vertical) diameter
A patient experiences significant blood loss after surgery. Which hormone released through the RAAS system ultimately promotes sodium and water retention?
aldosterone
During an abdominal examination, the therapist asks the patient to perform an abdominal drawing-in maneuver. Which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing intra-abdominal pressure and stabilizing the trunk?
transversus abdominis
A physical therapist is analyzing a patient's gait and observes limited pelvic rotation throughout the gait cycle. In which anatomical plane does normal pelvic rotation primarily occur?
transverse plane
A patient has prolonged bed rest following surgery. Which three mechanisms normally assist venous blood returning to the heart?
A therapist observes paradoxical breathing in a patient with diaphragmatic weakness. Which pressure change normally allows air to enter the lungs during inspiration?
decrease in alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure below atmospheric pressure
A patient has impaired kidney function. Besides filtering blood, list three additional functions performed by the kidneys.
A patient has an injury involving the L1 nerve root. Name two nerves that may be affected.
A patient presents with weak abdominal muscles and tight hip flexors. Which pelvic posture would the therapist MOST expect during standing?
anterior pelvic tilt