PARTICLES, ATOMS & ISOTOPES
Particles that speed up, move freely, and spread far apart are undergoing which change of state?
Boiling
What type of compound is potassium bromide?
An ionic compound.
Name a structure that is found in both plant and animal cells?
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Golgi Aparatus, Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion
Which molecule causes muscle fatigue after running?
Lactic Acide
Which animal group has dry, scaly skin and rubbery eggs?
Reptiles
During melting, why does temperature stay the same even though heating continues?
Energy is used to break forces/bonds between particles.
Why does potassium bromide have a high melting point? Daily Double (Double Points)
Strong electrostatic attractions in its ionic lattice.
If a food contains starch, what will be observed when testing & what chemical will be used. Daily Double (Answer both for double points)
Iodine, blue-black colour.
What is the correct pathway of CO₂ out of the lungs?
Alveoli → bronchioles → bronchi → trachea
What is the genus of the Harlequin ladybird - its binomial name is Harmonia axyridis?
Harmonia
What do isotopes of the same element always have in common?
The same number of protons (same proton number).
How do catalysts improve the reaction rate of a chemical change?
They lower activation energy so more collisions are successful.
When an enzyme is catalyzing a reaction in an organism, what do we refer the reactants as?
Substrate
In aerobic respiration, what are X and Y
X + oxygen → carbon dioxide + Y?
X = glucose, Y = water
What is often true if offspring are able to be produced by two animals of different species? For example, a tigon (lion and a tiger breeding together).
Infertile - they cannot usually breed
Which two properties differ between isotopes of the same element?
Number of neutrons & mass number.
A student reacts calcium with HCl. If they repeated the experiment, how can they slow the reaction?
Decrease surface area.
Lower concentration (add water)
Lower the temperature.
What two environmental factors affect how well an enzyme functions?
Temperature & pH (acidity)
Describe the change in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood as it passes through the lungs.
O₂ increases; CO₂ decreases.
In an experiment, three repeat pH readings are collected at each time point. What does it mean if the repeats at one time point are very close together?
The data at that time point are reliable because the measurements are consistent.
Explain why isotopes have nearly identical chemical properties even though their masses differ.
Because chemical properties depend on electrons; isotopes have the same electron arrangement.
When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, the test tube becomes hot. Explain why.
The reaction is exothermic, releasing energy to the surroundings.
Why might viruses not be considered living things? Two answers for double points.
The cannot move, or reproduce by themselves, they do not grow, respond to stimuli, or respire.
In a chemical reaction that is not acted upon by an outside force, why might the rate of reaction begin to slow down?
One of the reacting substances is nearly used up.
In an experiment, scientists test whether a bacteriophage can reduce the number of harmful bacteria. A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects and destroys specific bacterial cells but does not infect human or plant cells.
In a microbiology experiment, why must a control group be included when testing the effect of a bacteriophage on bacterial growth?
The control shows how the bacteria grow without the bacteriophage, allowing comparison to prove the virus caused any changes.