formation
this forms igneous rocks
lava/magma
igneous rock made above ground
extrusive
size shape and distribution of crystals or grains in a rock
texture
left side of bowen scale has these types of minerals
iron rich
when heated some rocks will liquidate before others
partial melting
igneous rock made below ground
intrusive
this texture forms from gas pockets in the rock, making it have pores and look like a sponge
vesicular
the right side of the bowen scale has these types of minerals.
feldspars
when magma or lava cools some rocks will solidify before others
fractional crystalization
dark colored rocks with lower silica content
basalt
these types of rocks have a course grain texture
intrusive
as calcium rich feldspars go down the bowen scale they gain more of this
sodium
this chart shows what minerals will form at what temperatures based on composition
bowen reaction series
light colored rocks with high silica content
granite
these rocks have a fine grain texture
extrusive
on the left side of the bowen scale this mineral forms first
olivine
the difference in lava and magma
lava is above ground magma is below
rocks with light colored flakes that formed intrusively, but then were exposed to the surface so the rest of the rock formed dark in color. it is intrusive and then extrusive
porphyritic
this rock formed from cooling extremely fast
obsidian
this is the lowest mineral on the bowen scale
quartz