Diet and Lifestyle Advice
According to UK guidelines, this term refers to the measurement of a person's weight in relation to their height, used to classify obesity.
What is Body Mass Index (BMI)?
This endocrine disorder, characterized by insulin resistance, is both a risk factor for and a consequence of obesity.
What is type II Diabetes Mellitus?
This test measures average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months and is commonly used to diagnose pre-diabetes.
What is the HbA1c test?
Elevated levels of direct and indirect forms of this pigment in the blood indicate impaired liver function and can lead to jaundice.
What is bilirubin?
According to UK guidelines, this should be excluded in patients with suspected NAFLD before making a diagnosis.
What is significant alcohol consumption or other liver diseases?
According to UK guidelines, obese patients should aim for at least this many minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.
What is 150 minutes?
This condition, involving an underactive thyroid, can slow metabolism and contribute to weight gain.
What is hypothyroidism?
Pre-diabetes is associated with an increased risk of this cardiovascular condition, characterized by the buildup of plaques in the arterial walls.
What is atherosclerosis?
Elevated levels of this enzyme are often the first sign of liver damage and can be caused by conditions like viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse.
What is alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
According to UK guidelines, this imaging technique is recommended as the first-line investigation for diagnosing NAFLD.
What is ultrasound?
For obese patients with a BMI of 40 or above, or 35 with comorbidities, UK guidelines suggest considering this intervention.
What is bariatric surgery?
This hormone, produced by adipose tissue, regulates hunger and energy balance but can become dysregulated in obesity.
What is leptin?
This syndrome, often associated with pre-diabetes, includes a cluster of conditions like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity.
What is metabolic syndrome?
Elevated levels of both ALT and AST, typically in a ratio less than 1, can indicate damage to this part of the liver.
What is hepatocellular damage?
A liver biopsy may be considered in NAFLD if this non-invasive method doesn’t provide sufficient information about liver damage.
What is transient elastography (FibroScan)?
This type of diet focuses on high protein and low carbohydrate intake, often used for weight loss.
What is a ketogenic diet?
Chronic high levels of this hormone can lead to increased appetite and fat accumulation, contributing to obesity
What is cortisol?
A HbA1c between these two values indicates pre-diabetes.
42 to 47 mmol/mol (6.0 to 6.4%)
Elevated levels of this protein are associated with liver inflammation and can indicate acute liver injury or chronic liver disease.
What is gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)?
According to UK guidelines, this scoring system assesses the severity of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
What is the NAFLD fibrosis score or NFS?
The UK guidelines recommend that obese patients reduce their daily caloric intake by this number of calories to achieve a sustainable weight loss.
What is 500-600 calories?
Living in areas with limited access to parks, gyms, and safe walking paths can contribute to obesity. This is often referred to as a lack of this type of environment.
What is a built environment?
Along with weight loss and increased physical activity, this class of medication is sometimes prescribed to manage pre-diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity.
What are biguanides (e.g., metformin)?
Elevations in this liver function test marker can indicate obstruction of the bile ducts, as seen in conditions like gallstones or pancreatic cancer.
What is alkaline phosphatase (ALP)?
This blood test measures the levels of a liver protein that can be elevated in NAFLD and other liver diseases.
What is serum ferritin?