Study Guide
If you don't know...
What is go?
This stage of drowning occurs first. A guest in this stage is still conscious, with their head tilted back, arms/hands reaching upwards or in front of them, while making little to no progress towards safety.
What is surprise?
This is a process you activate during any form of emergency (e.g. unconscious guest, active guest-in-distress in your zone, etc.). It is most commonly associated with long whistle blasts.
What is an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?
This ratio is used during rescue breathing for an adult.
What is 1 Breath : 6 Seconds?
The CPR ratio for an adult, child and infant as a single rescuer.
What is 30 Compressions : 2 Breathes?
There are three types of entry lifeguards use when entering a body of water. Name two of them and when they should be used.
*50 Bonus Points for Naming All Three and Their Appropriate Times*
*50 Additional Bonus Points for Naming the Only One GWL Lifeguards are Expected to Use*
What is high knees entry, ease-in entry, and compact jump?
High Knees: When Entering from a Zero Depth Point
Ease-In Entry: When Entering a ZOP where a Suspected Spinal Injury is Present
Compact Jump: When Entering a ZOP for a Rescue
There are three different types of splints that can be applied to help minimize movement of the affected area. Name all of them.
What is a rigid (hard), soft, or anatomic (self) splint?
The correct method to perform the duck pluck rescue.
What is hold the center of the tube with one hand and reach over the tube with your other hand?
A form of fainting (aka. syncope) that can occur due to lack of oxygen.
What is hypoxic blackout?
This stage in the drowning process occurs after Stage 4 (Hypoxic Convulsions). Irreversible damage can occur to the organs, especially the brain. During this stage it's important to provide quality CPR, attach an AED, provide supplemental oxygen if necessary, and use a suction device if needed.
What is cardiac arrest?
This word can be helpful when you are handling difficult guest complaints/concerns.
What is 'DEAL?'
D: De-Escalate the Situation
E: Evaluate Alternatives
A: Act Quickly
L: Look at the Outcomes
This ratio is used during rescue breathing for a child or infant.
What is 1 Breath : 3 Seconds?
The CPR ratio for a child or infant when you are performing care with two or more responders.
What is 15 Compressions : 2 Breathes?
The amount of time allotted to remove a guest from the water with a suspected spinal injury.
What is three minutes?
The circumstances in which a tourniquet should be considered.
What is when a guest has a catastrophic wound to a limb and bleeding cannot be controlled using direct pressure?
The rescue you perform when you have a GID who is responsive, on the surface of the water, and facing away from you.
What is the rear hug?
During your time as an E&A lifeguard, you will learn how to ________, _______ & _______ all aquatic emergencies
What is anticipate, recognize, and manage?
This stage of drowning occurs shortly after Stage 2 (Respiratory Arrest). Our in-water care changes for a guest in this stage.
What is unconsciousness?
This word can be useful to remember during rule enforcement. There is a GWL equivalent that is often confused with this one.
What is 'LEAD?'
L: Listen
E: Empathise
A: Apologise
D: Discuss
This is how you know if your test-breath/ventilation was successful.
What is chest rise and fall?
The correct way to perform CPR on an infant as a single rescuer.
What is two fingers on the center of the chest, just below the nipple line?
There are many different forms of SMR. Name them.
What is...
Dry-Land SMR: Two Hands
Underarm Vice Grip
Overhand Vice Grip
Squeeze Play
Head Blocks
List all of the correct steps to care for a guest with minor bleeding on their arm.
What is...
1.) Apply PPE (Gloves)
2.) Clean the Affected Area
3.) Cover with Antibiotic Ointment
4.) Bandage
The appropriate time to perform a front Hug rescue instead of a front drive rescue.
What is when the guest is a small child, who is responsive on the surface of the water and facing you?
The first step you should take when you first begin to scan into your Zone of Protection.
What is a proactive bottom scan?
This final stage in the drowning process occurs after Stage 5 (Cardiac Arrest). Once the guest has reached this stage, we have ultimately exhausted all available options and equipment yet unfortunately remain unsuccessful. It is least likely for a guest to recover from this stage.
What is death?
Before making physical contact with a guest, it's important to remember to put on your ___.
*50 Bonus Points for Naming Six Different Types*
What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?
Examples: gloves, gowns, masks, breathing devices, suction devices, and eye protection
This piece of equipment is used during rescue breathing and allows the first responder to stop manually delivering ventilations. When attached to a Supplemental Oxygen System (SOS), it can provide 90-95% oxygen to a GID. When not attached to a SOS, it can provide up to 21% oxygen.
What is BVM (Bag, Valve, Mask)?
The appropriate time to perform CPR on a ten-year-old guest.
What is when the guest is unresponsive and pulseless, with the possibility of giving agonal breathes?
The correct method of SMR for a guest with a suspected spinal injury sitting or standing in ankle deep water.
What is placing your hands on the sides of the guest's head and stabilising head movement?
This device can be used on a guest experiencing an anaphylactic (allergic) reaction.
What is an epinephrine auto-injector (epi pen)?
The proper way to effectively perform a compact jump.
What is jump into the water with your legs together, knees bent, and feet flat?
The 10/20 Protection Standard
What is ten seconds to recognise and twenty seconds to reach?
This stage of the Drowning Process occurs approximately thirty seconds after a guest begins drowning. The airway becomes compromise, causing water to cross the larynx (aka. voice box) and causes laryngeal spasms during this stage.
What is respiratory arrest?
This word can be helpful while providing care or interacting with a guest.
What is 'CARE?'
C: Confident
A: Attentive
R: Responsive
E: Empathetic
This is what you should do when your breath is unsuccessful, resulting in no visible chest rise or fall.
What is re-tilt, re-seal, re-try?
The appropriate time to discontinue care during CPR.
What 'SWEAT?'
S: Scene Becomes Unsafe
W: When There's Signs of Life
E: EMS has Arrived and Taken Over
A: AED is Attached and Ready to Deliver Shocks
T: Too Tired to Continue Care
The most important general care step for a GID with a suspected spinal injury.
What is communication?
This medication can be administered to a guest experiencing an opioid overdose.
*50 Bonus Points for Naming the Brand We Carry*
What is Naloxone?
We carry Narcan!
The proper placement for the rescue tube after rescuing an unresponsive guest in the water.
What is below the shoulder blades?
The degree of care that a responsible person is expected to provide in preventing or managing the injury or illness of others.
What is the E&A Standard of Care?
This stage of drowning occurs due to lack of oxygen (aka. hypoxia). During this stage, seizure-like activity begins and water mixes with lung surfactants: this results in froth/foam coming from the guest's mouth.
What Is: Hypoxic Convulsions
During a secondary check, you are looking/monitoring two things: name one of them.
*50 Bonus Points for Naming Both*
What is 'DOTS' or 'CAR?'
D: Deformities
O: Open Wounds
T: Tenderness
S: Swelling
C: Circulation
A: Airway
R: Responsiveness
The oxygen tank should be set to ____ when providing rescue breathing with a SOS.
What is 15 lpm?
You perform an unresponsive (modified) rear hug rescue and following your in-water assessment, you determine that the guest is not breathing. You activate the EAP and help is on the way. This process comes next.
What is in-water rescue breathing?
The correct way to provide care to a submerged GID with a suspected spinal injury.
What is roll the guest face up into the underarm vice grip?
True or False: Giving an unresponsive (unconscious) guest water or a sports drink is the appropriate way to provide care.
What is false?
This rescue is performed when you have a responsive, small child on the surface, in shallow water that is below your waist.
What is the grab and lift rescue?