Cards
triad of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and elevated JVP describes the clinical presentation of cardiac tamponade
Beck's triad
Condition associated with GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies
Type 1 diabetes (accept latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)
Leading cause of death in patients with CKD
Cardiovascular disease
Office test for fall risk involving rising from a chair, ambulating, and then sitting
Get Up and Go Test (accept Timed Up and Go, TUG)
Syncope during exertion is most concerning for this structural heart disease
aortic stenosis
Most likely cause of primary amenorrhea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, webbed neck, and short stature
Turner syndrome (accept karyotype 45,X0)
Medication used for primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium to large esophageal varices.
Beta-blocker
Condition characterized by a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with a negative urine anion gap
A: Diarrhea (Also accept laxative abuse or GI losses)
Age range to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm in male ever-smokers
65 to 75 years old
When switching from an ACE inhibitor to sacubitril/valsartan, this washout period is required to avoid angioedema
36 hours
Drug class used to treat amiodarone-induced thyroiditis type ll, or destructive thyroiditis
Glucocorticoids (accept steroids)
Patients with selective IgA deficiency, this is the alternative serologic test for celiac disease screening.
IgG deamidated gliadin peptide or tissue transglutaminase IgG
Most common antibody associated with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (accept anti-PLA2R)
non-statin LDL-lowering agent, which works upstream of HMG-CoA reductase by inhibiting ATP citrate lyase
bempedoic acid (Nexletol)
Trials that established finerenone's cardiovascular and renal benefit
FIGARO and FIDELIO
Angiotensin II receptor blocker can cause villous atrophy mimicking celiac disease
Olmesartan
Histologic variants of focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with HIV
Collapsing variant
Aspergillus-specific serum immunoassay potentially useful in diagnosing invasive infection
Galactomannan assay
TTR stabilizer reduces cardiovascular hospitalization by 32% and mortality by 30% in ATTR cardiac amyloidosis
tafamidis (Vyndaqel/Vyndamax)
gold standard diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus, which involves monitored fluid restriction followed by desmopressin administration
water deprivation test (indirect water deprivation test)
histologic threshold required for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is at least this many eosinophils per high-power field on esophageal biopsy.
15 or greater
Syndrome of generalized proximal tubular dysfunction—featuring normoglycemic glucosuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, and proximal RTA
Fanconi syndrome
In ARDS, this maneuver improved survival in the PROSEVA trial for severe cases
prone positioning