CARDIOLOGY
This antiarrhythmic is a Class III potassium channel blocker commonly associated with pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and corneal deposits.
What is amiodarone?
This bacterium is associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma.
What is Helicobacter pylori?
This obstructive lung disease is strongly associated with smoking, shows increased total lung capacity, and has destruction of alveolar walls causing decreased DLCO.
What is emphysema?
This endocrine disorder is characterized by hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia due to primary adrenal insufficiency.
What is Addison disease?
This nephrotic syndrome in children is characterized by selective albuminuria, podocyte effacement on electron microscopy, and excellent response to steroids.
What is minimal change disease?
This congenital heart defect is characterized by a continuous machine-like murmur and results from failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth.
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
This condition presents with dysphagia to both solids and liquids, a bird-beak appearance on barium swallow, and failure of the LES to relax.
What is achalasia?
This lung cancer subtype is most commonly associated with smoking, often arises centrally, and may produce PTHrP leading to hypercalcemia.
What is squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?
This MEN syndrome consists of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia.
What is MEN 2A?
This electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen in hyperaldosteronism and causes muscle weakness, U waves, and metabolic alkalosis.
What is hypokalemia?
This valvular lesion causes a diastolic decrescendo murmur and may be associated with bounding pulses and head bobbing.
What is aortic regurgitation?
This autoimmune disease is associated with anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, dermatitis herpetiformis, and villous atrophy.
What is celiac disease?
This condition presents with noncaseating granulomas, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and may have elevated ACE levels.
What is sarcoidosis?
This drug is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis, and can cause lactic acidosis.
What is metformin?
This glomerular disease is associated with hearing loss, ocular disturbances, and mutation in type IV collagen.
What is Alport syndrome?
A mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene predisposes patients to this life-threatening cardiovascular complication involving the ascending aorta.
What is aortic dissection?
A patient with ulcerative colitis is at increased risk of this hepatobiliary disease characterized by beading of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts on imaging.
What is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)?
This pulmonary embolism finding on V/Q scan represents areas of ventilation without perfusion, known as a mismatch.
What is a ventilation-perfusion mismatch?
A pituitary adenoma secreting excess ACTH can cause this endocrine syndrome, leading to central obesity, purple striae, proximal muscle weakness, and hyperglycemia.
What is Cushing disease?
This renal tubular acidosis is caused by inability of alpha-intercalated cells to secrete H+, resulting in high urine pH and risk of calcium phosphate stones.
What is Type 1 (distal) renal tubular acidosis?
This hemodynamic finding is classically seen in cardiac tamponade and refers to an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration.
What is pulsus paradoxus?
This inherited syndrome is caused by mutation of the APC tumor suppressor gene and leads to hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomatous polyps.
What is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
In neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, this type of pneumocyte is deficient in function, leading to reduced production of surfactant, particularly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
What is the type II pneumocyte?
This thyroid cancer arises from parafollicular C cells, is associated with RET mutations, and produces calcitonin.
What is medullary thyroid carcinoma?
This nephritic syndrome is characterized by linear immunofluorescence, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and may be associated with hemoptysis due to pulmonary hemorrhage.
What is Goodpasture syndrome?