Artifacts
Exposure Factors
Chest & Abdomen
Extremities
100
If a parallel grid is not perpendicular to CR....
Lead Strips are visible on radiograph.
100
An underexposed image suggests....
Too little mAs
100
The CR should be centered where for a chest x-Ray?
T7
100
Why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?
It causes the proximal radius to cross over the ulna.
200
When all axes of the structure have been magnified equally.
Size Distortion
200
If an image is over-penetrated, this means that the image has...
Too much kVp
200
In addition to the supine and erect or decubitus abdomen, what else needs to be included to demonstrate free intraperitoneal air trapped under the diaphragm?
PA Chest
200
A radiograph of a PA projection of the second digit reveals that the phalanges are not symmetric on both sides of the bony shafts. What is the positioning error.
Rotation.
300
______ is the patients moving during exposure that could not otherwise be controlled.
Voluntary Motion
300
An image with density that is so dark that bony and soft tissue structures are not well visualized.
Overexposure
300
Where is free air seen in the intraabdominal cavity in a patient who is standing?
Diaphragm
300
A radiograph of an intended AP mortise projection reveals that the lateral malleolus is superimposed over the talus, and the distal tibiofibular joint is not well demonstrated. What is the positioning error?
Under-rotation of the ankle.
400
A Grid is designed to reduce scatter by ...
Absorbing low energy photons.
400
Radiograph is so light that trabecular markings cannot be visualized.
Underexposure.
400
A patient with a suspected right pneumothorax comes to the ER and cannot stand or sit, what is the best option to confirm the presence of the pneumothorax?
Left Lateral Decubitus
400
Which projection is used for the sesamoid bones of the foot.
Tangential
500
When an axes of the structure becomes elongated or foreshortened.
Shape Distortion
500
If cortical outliunes of a structure cannot be visualized and the radiographic density is light...
The kVp needs to be adjusted.
500
A patient with Crohn's disease will need what adjustments in exposure factors on their abdominal x-rays?
Decrease
500
Which basic projection of the shoulder requires that the numeral epicondyles be parallel to the IR?
External rotation.
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