Immigration
What type of immigration factor causes people to leave their homeland because of problems or hardships?
Push factor
What is the movement and growth of populations into cities called?
Urbanization
What economic system allows individuals and businesses to own and operate resources and industries?
Capitalism
What production method allowed many of the same products to be made at the same time?
Mass production
What happened to many towns located along expanding railroad routes?
They grew.
Democracy, voting rights, religious freedom, and economic opportunities are examples of what type of immigration factors?
Pull factors
What type of cheap, crowded housing developed as cities grew rapidly?
Tenements
Which businessman became wealthy through Standard Oil and used horizontal integration?
John D. Rockefeller
How did mass production affect the supply and price of products?
It increased the supply and made products less expensive.
How did railroads affect the cost and efficiency of shipping goods?
Goods could be shipped more efficiently and less expensively.
Natural disasters, starvation, famine, and lack of economic opportunities are examples of what type of factors?
Push factors
What happened to crime as cities rapidly urbanized?
Crime increased.
Which industrialist developed one of the world's largest steel companies and used the Bessemer Process?
Andrew Carnegie
What agricultural inventions made planting and harvesting faster and more efficient?
McCormick reaper and seed drills
How did railroads help connect rural and urban areas?
They allowed people and goods to move more easily between them.
Which immigrant group described in the test faced hostility because many members were Roman Catholic?
Irish immigrants
Why did many immigrants and rural Americans move to growing urban areas?
To find factory jobs/work
Which financier and banker became known for major mergers and acquisitions?
J.P. Morgan
What technology allowed farmers to use tractors to pull equipment and trucks to haul produce to markets?
Internal combustion engine
How did railroads benefit farmers?
Farmers could ship crops to distant markets and gain easier access to goods and markets.
Despite facing discrimination, what opportunity was still available to many immigrants in the United States?
Employment opportunities, often in low-paying jobs
Name three effects of urbanization.
Possible answers include the development of tenements, different nationalities/cultures living together, migration to cities for factory jobs, and increased crime
Match these entrepreneurs to their industries: Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Walker, Morgan.
Carnegie—steel; Rockefeller—oil; Vanderbilt—transportation/railroads; Madam C.J. Walker—hair-care products; Morgan—finance/banking and mergers.
Give three effects of the shift from handmade goods to mass production.
More jobs were created, the supply of products increased and prices decreased, and many identical products could be produced at the same time.
What economic approach allowed businesses to operate with little government interference and contributed to rapid industrial growth?
Laissez-faire capitalism