Immunoglobulins
This immunoglobulin is the most abundant in the body and provides long-term immunity after exposure or vaccination.
What is IgG?
These small, bean-shaped structures filter lymph and trap pathogens before the fluid returns to circulation.
What are lymph nodes?
These long-lived cells remain in the body after an infection and enable a quicker response during future exposures.
What are memory cells?
This type of immunity provides a fast, generalized defense and includes barriers like skin, saliva, and stomach acid.
What is nonspecific (innate) immunity?
This organ in the left upper quadrant filters blood, removes old RBCs, and helps activate immune responses.
What is the spleen?
This immunoglobulin is the first responder produced during an acute infection.
What is IgM?
This organ, located in the left upper quadrant, filters blood, removes old RBCs, and helps activate the immune response.
What is the spleen?
This type of adaptive immunity occurs when a person receives pre-made antibodies, such as IVIG treatment.
What is artificial passive immunity?
This type of immunity targets pathogens with precision and develops memory for future exposures.
What is specific (adaptive) immunity?
These lymphatic nodules found in the small intestine monitor gut bacteria and help prevent infection in the digestive tract.
What are Peyer’s patches?
This immunoglobulin is found in high amounts in saliva, tears, and breast milk and protects mucosal surfaces.
What is IgA?
This lymphatic organ is largest during childhood and is the site of T-cell maturation.
What is the thymus?
A newborn receives immunity from maternal IgG antibodies crossing the placenta. What type of immunity protects the infant?
What is natural passive immunity?
Fever, inflammation, and interferons are examples of this body defense mechanism that acts the same regardless of the invading pathogen.
What is nonspecific (innate) immunity?
These structures located in the pharynx help trap pathogens entering through the mouth and nose.
What are the tonsils?
This immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions and combats parasitic infections.
What is IgE?
This clear fluid, similar to plasma but without proteins, includes hormones, salts, and digested nutrients.
What is lymph?
These cells, including CD4 and CD8 types, play a major role in cell-mediated immunity.
What are T lymphocytes (T cells)?
This type of immunity provides long-term immunity; makes antibodies.
What is active immunity (vaccination)?
This term refers to the surgical removal of the adenoids, often done to treat chronic ear infections or breathing problems in children.
What is an adenoidectomy?
This immunoglobulin helps activate B cells and is found mainly on their surface.
What is IgD?
This major lymphatic duct drains lymph from the entire lower body and the left upper side of the body into the left subclavian vein.
What is the thoracic duct?
These lymphocytes are responsible for producing antibodies and can differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells.
What are B cells?
This type of immunity is provided when a person receives an injection of gamma globulins, offering immediate but short-term protection.
What is artificial passive immunity?
These three types of tonsils—located in the nasopharynx, sides of the oropharynx, and base of the tongue—form a protective ring against inhaled or ingested pathogens.
What are the pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils?