Immune
name of a foreign invader of the body
what is a pathogen
colorless liquid that drain through the lymphatic system
what is lymph
how veins and lymphatic capillaries are similar
what has low pressure, thin walls and valves
cell that is first to arrive to the scene of a cell-mediated response
what is a neutrophil
what is antigen presenting cell
cell that engulfs debris
what is a phagocyte
receives drainage from all regions except the right upper quadrant and empties into the left subclavian vein
what is thoracic duct
the three types of tonsils
the difference between acquired and natural immunity
what is the difference between developing through experience (passive = mother to child, or active = fighting disease of vaccination) and genetic immunity
hormone secreted by thymus and its function
what is thymosin that stimulated the red bone marrow to produce T-cells
The inflammatory response
what is release of histamines to release fluiuds and cytokines to attract macrophages. Release of prostaglandins to increase inflammation and more phagocytes to engulf invaders. causes redness and swelling
After Th cells activate B cells at germinal centers in the outer cortex of lymph node by attaching with the CD4 complex
what is create B memory cells for future immunity and plasma cells to create a specific antibody response to leave through the efferent lymphatics at the hilus
blood and sinus filled organ
what is the spleen
released as an antimicrobal protein to hinder reproduction of viruses
what is an interferon
what Ig stands for in Ig-A, Ig-E, etc.
what is immunoglobulin
describe the first and second lines of defense
1st- innate barrier, fast, nonspecific: skin, mucus, sweat, stomach acid, hair, etc.
2nd- innate cellular defense, fast, nonspecific:WBC including neutrophils and macrophages to destroy. natural killer (NK) cells to release chemicals (perforin or granzymes) to lyse infected cells
explain the structure and function of the lymphatic system
lymphatic system is a one-way flow that takes in cell fluid with waste, travels through lymph nodes and lymphatic organs to clean the debris out of the lymph, recycle damaged cells, ect. before returning the fluid back to the venous system.
the difference between a Th cell and a cytotoxic T cell
what is the Th cell has a CD4 complex while the Tc has a CD8 complex. The Th cell binds to the APC cell and releases cytokines to activate Tc cells. Tc cells are the T-cells that actually bind to the MHC-1 of the infected cells to release perforins and granzymles to destroy it.
the difference between histamine and cytokines
histamines are released by mast cells to reduce the permeability of blood cells and allow for fluid and WBCs to exit the vessels for response. Cytokines are a chemical released by macrophages (interleukin - 1), Th cells (interleukin - 2) or tissue (interferons) for various responses.
explanation of the antigen/antibody relationship and binding
an antigen is an exterior marker on the outside of a cell. Foreign antigens have an antibody that is a specific protein able to bind to the antigen. the binding of the antibody to the antigen is a marker to other cells that an invader is present and they need to destroy it.