Immune System 1
Cilia, saliva, stomach acid, skin, and mucus are what line of defense?
Immune systems first line of defense
Name the major reponse of the 2nd line of defense for the immune system?
Inflammatory response
What type of cells are T cells?
They are white blood cells (lympocytes specifcally because they are found in the lymphatic system)
How do viruses impact host cells?
Uses their organelles and replication machinary to create more virsuses and then often kill the cell when leaving.
What do macrophages do?
Engulfing and digesting pathogens (like bacteria and viruses), dead cells, and debris
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What is the 'flag' (molecule) that pathogens have on their surface which the immune system recognises as non-self?
Antigen
What happens when neutrophiles die?
They create pus
What line of defence is the Cytotoxic T-cells and what is it's purpose?
Third line of defense - cell-mediated responses to kill infected cells (specific response)
What is the marker called that allows the immune system to recognise 'self' cells?
MCH 1 marker
What chemicals are released by mast cells and basophils?
Histamine
Name the two responses of the adaptive system (3rd line of defense)? One starts with H and the starts with C.
Humoral response and Cell-mediated response
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that recognize antigens on pathogens to neutralize them by:
- attaching to the antigens/ pathogen and marking the pathogens for destruction by other immune cells
- neutralizes toxins
- clumping the pathogens together
What is the role of Natrual Killer cells?
They release enzymes such as perforin and granzymes to initiate apoptosis (controlled cell death) in infected host cells (non-specific).
What do B-cells, specifically plasma cells, do?
Produce specific antibodies against a particular antigen to fight against the pathogen next time.