Overview
The main function of the immune system is this.
What is protection against pathogens?
The physical barriers of innate immunity.
What is skin, mucus, and stomach acid?
These cells produce antibodies.
What are B cells?
First responders in bacterial infection.
What are neutrophils?
These proteins bind to antigens.
What are antibodies?
This type of immunity is fast, non-specific, and present at birth.
What is innate immunity?
Symptoms of inflammation.
What is redness, heat, swelling, and pain?
These cells directly kill infected cells.
What are cytotoxic T cells? (CD8)
These cells engulf pathogens.
What are macrophages?
This antibody crosses the placenta.
What is IgG?
This type of immunity is specific and has memory.
What is adaptive immunity?
These proteins made by the liver enhance immune response.
What is the complement system?
These cells activate both B and T cells.
What are helper T cells?
These cells trigger inflammation.
What are mast cells/basophils?
This antibody is first produced in immune response.
What is IgM?
This characteristic allows a faster response upon re-exposure.
What is memory?
These chemicals cause fever by acting on the hypothalamus.
What are pyrogens?
These cells provide long-term immunity.
What are memory cells?
These cells kill infected cells using apoptosis.
What are natural killer (NK) cells?
This antibody is found in secretions like saliva.
What is IgA?
These two major branches make up adaptive immunity.
What are humoral and cell-mediated immunity?
This process tags pathogens to enhance phagocytosis.
What is opsonization?
This process ensures only specific lymphocytes respond to antigen.
What is clonal selection?
These cells present antigens to activate adaptive immunity.
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Antibodies neutralize pathogens by doing this.
What is binding and blocking their function?