Innate Immunity
What are some characteristics of innate immunity?
Born with
1st and 2nd line of defense
Mostly local effects
Non-specific, no memory
What is adaptive immunity?
Acquired after exposure
Third line of defense
Specific
Has memory
What is the process of humoral immunity?
1. APC engulfs the pathogen and presents its antigen
2. T-helper cell binds to a B cell and activates the B cell
3. The B cells turn into plasma cells which secrete antibodies.
4. Other B cells become memory cells that quicken the response the second time of exposure
What are autoimmune diseases?
Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by an overactive immune system.
What is in the first line of defense?
Skin and Mucous membranes
What is Naturally acquired passive immunity?
Antibodies are transferred from immune to non-immune person
What is the process of cellular immunity?
1. Tc and Th cells patrol lymph nodes and other tissues, inspecting APC's.When T cells recognize an antigen, intiates immune response
2. T cell multiplies rapidly and builds a huge population of cells programmed against the same antigen
3. Cytotoxic T cells carry out the attack on enemy cells; Helper T cell recognizes antigen, secretes interleukins; Th cells become long-lived memory cells
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease marked by stiffness and inflammation of the joints, weakness, loss of mobility, and deformity.
What is the goal of a fever?
To increase internal body temperature to inhibit reproduction of bacteria and viruses
What does it mean for a cell to be immunocompetent?
Knowing self vs nonself
What antibody is more prevalent in the secondary immune response?
IgG
What is lupus?
Lupus is an overactive immune response where your own immune system attacks DNA and nuclear proteins
What is the process of immune surveillance?
Natural Killer cells release perforins that poke holes in an enemy cell membrane
Nk cells then release granzymes that degrade enemy cell
Cell dies by apoptosis
What is considered the identification for knowing self vs nonself?
MHC protein on the surface of an APC
What is an interleukin?
A chemical messenger that activates different cell types/ responses
What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus that infects helper T-cells. T-cells would not be able to watch pathogens so phagocytes can't do their jobs well.
How do interferons fight viral infections?
1. ALERT neighbouring cells to virus
2. ACTIVATE macrophages and NK cells
3. INTERFERE with viral replication
What happens when you get a vaccination?
Vaccines give your body a weaker form of the virus for the body to fight so the B-cells can prepare for the next time the pathogen comes
What does IgD do?
Activates B cells
Describe what happens when a person has allergies.
Environmental antigens bind IgE causing inflammation and vasodilation