1
What is a pathogen?
An organism, a virus or a protein that causes disease
How does the body build immunity?
by being exposed to the pathogen either by getting sick and recovering or vaccines.
What is cancer?
Cells that divide at an uncontrollable rate.
What are some food safety practices?
What is epidemic and pandemic?
An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease in a country. A pandemic is the spread of disease across the world.
What are some of your body's external defense systems?
Skin, hair, nails, mucous, eye lashes
What are memory cells?
Once your body has fought a pathogen; it has T and B cells that remember it.
What is an autoimmune disease?
When the immune system attacks its own cells.
What are some ways humans/animals introduce diseases to their body?
By eating raw chicken, raw beef or drinking contaminated water/untreated water, through the air by coughing/sneezing, touching/shaking hands.
What are some ways to prevent and treat infectious diseases?
Antibiotics, antiviral drugs, sterilization, gloves, masks, refrigeration, pasteurization, thorough hand washing
What is the innate immune system?
The first line of defense of the body to detect invaders such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and toxins, or to sense wounds or trauma.
What is a vaccine?
A substance made from weakened or killed pathogens or parts of pathones introduced into the body to produce immunity.
What are noninfectious diseases?
Caused by hereditary or environmental factors
What are some ways diseases pass from animals to humans?
Infected mosquitoes, ticks, biting that breaks the skin
What is an antigen, antibody, and antibiotic?
Antigen is a molecule or protein that comes from a foreign organism. Antibody is a Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign organisms. Antibiotic is an antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
What is the adaptive immune system?
The second and specific line of defense. After recognizing the invader, the cells can multiply and combat it, leading to recovery from disease and protection against its return.
Tell me 3 shots that people often get
Diphtheria/Tetanus/Pertussis, Polio, Measles/Mumps/Rubella, Hepatitis B, Chickenpox
What are infectious diseases?
Caused by a pathogen-bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses
What is Zoonotic and give an example?
Zoonotic diseases are illnesses that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Some examples of zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, and salmonellosis
What are perforins?
Perforin is a pore forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells).
What are some of the white blood cells that protect the body?
Macrophage, T cells, B cells and antibodies
What is an allergy?
A reaction to a harmless or common substance
What causes infectious diseases?
Viruses invade living cells, bacteria infects organs, fungi (skin) infections are passed by contact and parasites are spread by contaminated water and food.
What are Macrophages and what do they do?
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens,
What is autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine?
Cytokines can act on the same cells (autocrine), a
nearby cell (paracrine) or on a distant cell (endocrine).