Immune Response
The most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections
What is IgG?
What is a newborn's 1st immunization?
What is Hepatitis B?
List 2 manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
What is:
Manifestations of systemic Lupus
-Involves one or more systems (cardiovascular, Central nervous, hematological, kidneys, lungs, musculoskeletal)
-Periods of exacerbation and remission.
-Increased risk for infection
-The characteristic butterfly rash of systemic lupus erythematosus.
-Fever, anorexia, malaise, joint pain, swelling.
-Alopecia, muscle pain, pale/cyanotic fingers/toes, photosensitive. Proteinuria, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Renaud's disease, memory loss, psychosis, seizure.
What are the risk factors for HIV?
What are:
-Behavioral (sexual, IV drug use)
-Healthcare occupation
-Breastfeeding
-Poverty
-Older age
An undesirable reaction produced by the normal immune system.
What is Hypersensitivity Reaction?
The difference between vaccination and immunization.
What is:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a (blank) disorder that originates in the (blank) tissue. RA is overreaction of the immune system that produces response against (blank) tissue in the body. There are typically periods of exacerbation and remission.
What is autoimmune, synovial, connective?
Inflammatory, (blank) disorder that affects nearly every organ in the body. SLE starts with the body’s immune system inaccurately recognizing one or more components of the cell’s (blank) as foreign, seeing it as an (blank.) The immune system starts to develop antibodies to the nuclear antigen.
What is autoimmune, nucleus, antigen.
Name 2 diagnostic tests for HIV.
What is:
Reactions characterized as ALLERGIC (facial flushing & hives, SOB, bronchospasm,) FEBRILE (headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, chills, anxiety,) and HEMOLYTIC (hypotension tachypnea, lower back pain, aggression.)
What is Blood Transfusion Reaction?
A neutrophil count less than (blank) on (blank) test results from decreased production of neutrophils or increased destruction of these cells in neutropenia.
What is 2000/mm3 and CBC with differential?
What are diagnostic tools used for RA? Name at least 3.
What is:
-Rule out other diseases
-CBC will show anemia
-Rheumatoid factor (RF)
-CCP which looks at antibodies
-CRP which indicates inflammation
Name at least 3 pharmacological treatments for SLE.
What is:
At which number stage of HIV does the CD4+ count drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood?
What is stage 3 (AIDS)?
List & briefly explain at least 3 components of immune system.
What is:
-Bone marrow- where the formation of lymphocytes (specifically B & T cells) occurs
-Leukocytes- WBC; primary cells in specific and nonspecific response. Come from stem cells in bone marrow.
-Lymphoid Tissue & Lymph Nodes- where some B & T cells are stored and monitor for any antigens
-Spleen- a lymphatic organ where blood is filtered, B and T cells monitor for antigens/pathogens there
-Thymus- generates T cells
List 3 interventions used to manage neutropenia; what would you anticipate the doctor doing for a patient who has neutropenia?
- If the neutropenia is medication induced, stop the offending agent immediately if possible.
-The use of growth factors (ex. granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) can be effective in increasing neutrophil production when the cause of neutropenia is decreased production
-Withholding or reducing the dose of chemotherapy/radiation therapy
-If neutropenia is accompanied by a fever, the patient is considered to have a fever and admitted to the hospital. Cultures of blood, urine, sputum, as well as chest x-ray performed, and patient placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics as soon as cultures are obtained.
List at least 7 pharmacological, non-pharmacological and/or surgical treatments for RA.
What is the goal of lupus management?
What is preventing progressive loss of organ function, reducing the likelihood of acute disease, minimizing disease-related disabilities, and preventing complications from therapy. Management of SLE involves regular monitoring to assess disease activity and therapeutic effectiveness?
Typically occurs when CD4 count is less than 50. Caused by organisms commonly found in water, food and soil. Major cause of wasting syndrome. Manifestations: chills and fever, weakness, night sweats, abd pain and diarrhea, and weight loss.
What is Myobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
(opportunistic infection common with HIV)
What are the pharmacological interventions for a hypersensitivity reaction that involves the activation of IgE and the release of histamine?
What is Epinephrine and Bronchodilators?
List 5 nursing interventions for neutropenia.
What is:
-Assess patient for evidence of infection.
-Check vital signs every 4 hours.
-Monitor white blood cell (WBC) count and differential each day.
-Inspect all sites that may serve as entry ports for pathogens (IV sites, wounds, skin folds, bony prominences, perineum, and oral cavity).
-Report fever (≥38.3°C [101°F] or ≥38°C [100.4°F] for >1 hour) (see Table 15-10), chills, diaphoresis, swelling, heat, pain, erythema, exudate on anybody surfaces.
-Report change in respiratory or mental status, urinary frequency or burning, malaise, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, or diarrhea.
-Obtain cultures and sensitivities as indicated before initiation of antimicrobial treatment (wound exudate, sputum, urine, stool, blood).
-Initiate measures to minimize infection. Discuss with patient and family
-Placing patient in private room if absolute WBC count <1000/mm3.
-Importance of patient avoiding contact with people who have known or recent infection or recent vaccination.
-Instruct all personnel in careful hand hygiene before and after entering room.
-Avoid rectal or vaginal procedures (rectal temperatures, examinations, suppositories; vaginal tampons).
-Use stool softeners to prevent constipation and straining.
-Assist patient in practice of meticulous personal hygiene.
-Instruct patient to use electric razor.
-Encourage patient to ambulate in room unless contraindicated.
-Provide patient and family education on food hygiene and safe food handling.
-Each day, change water pitcher, denture cleaning fluids, and respiratory equipment containing water.
The goal of using DMARD therapy is preventing (blank) and (blank) damage. Non-biologic DMARDs (methotrexate [Rheumatrex], leflunomide [Arava], sulfasalazine [Azulfidine]), or hydroxychlorotquine (Plaquenil) within (blank) months of disease onset. Routine blood testing for (blank) and (blank) function, monitoring the CBC for (blank). Annual (blank) examinations are also recommended with the use of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine
What is inflammation, joint, 3, liver, kidney, anemia, eye?
Name the specific manifestations of SLE on the cardiovascular system.
What is Raynud's phenomenon, pericardial effusion, vascular inflammation?
Used to suppress the infection, decrease symptoms, prolong life, prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, stimulate hematopoietic response, and to treat opportunistic infections and malignancies.
AND name at least 2 examples.
What is Antiretroviral Treatment?