Immunity
Protection induced by exposure, such as immunization or disease.
What is active immunity?
This type begins rapidly within minutes of antigen exposure, such as urticaria, allergic rhinitis, or food allergies.
What is immediate hypersensitivity (Type I)?
Transplant rejection that occurs almost immediately after transplantation.
What is hyperacute rejection?
The virus that attacks CD4 helper cells and macrophages.
What is HIV?
Normal male hemoglobin range.
What is 14.0–17.4 g/dL?
Transfer of protective antibodies from another source; provides immediate but short-term protection.
What is passive immunity?
Mismatched blood transfusions are an example of this type.
What is cytotoxic hypersensitivity (Type II)?
Rejection occurring within the first few months with signs of organ failure.
What is acute rejection?
Opportunistic infections begin when HIV reaches this stage.
What is AIDS?
Normal female hematocrit range.
What is 36–48%?
Protective antibodies found in breast milk provide this type of immunity.
What is passive immunity?
This reaction involves insoluble antigen-antibody complexes deposited in tissues, causing organ dysfunction.
What is immune complex deposition (Type III)? *think autoimmune disorders*
Transplant rejection is considered this type of hypersensitivity reaction.
What is Type III (immune complex)?
These are four methods of transmission for HIV.
What are blood, sexual intercourse, breast milk, and IV drug use.
Normal platelet count.
What is 140–400 K?
Subtype of adaptive immunity related to B lymphocytes.
What is humoral immunity?
Allergic contact dermatitis, latex allergy, or TB skin tests are examples of this type.
What is delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV)?
Disorder in which the body’s immune system becomes intolerant to its own cells and attacks them.
What is an autoimmune disorder?
A CD4 count of this level indicates AIDS.
What is 200 cells/mm³?
Normal white blood cell count.
What is 4.5–10.5 cells/mm³?
Subtype of adaptive immunity related to T lymphocytes.
What is cell-mediated immunity?
This condition involves an allergy to natural rubber proteins.
What is latex allergy?
The cause/trigger of autoimmune disorders.
What is unknown?
These precautions protect immunocompromised patients from exposure instead of protecting healthcare workers.
What are neutropenic precautions?
Neutrophils make up this percentage of WBCs.
What is 50–70%?