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The first line of defense against infection, this form of immunity is first line & includes general barriers such as fever and physical barriers including the skin
Innate (Nonspecific) Immunity
In this form of immunity, preformed antibodies are transferred from one person to another and is especially useful after exposure to an antigen and there is no time to develop active immunity
Passive
In this form of immunity, the body produces its own antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine
Active
This form of immunity includes the antigen challenge and creation of antibodies
Humoral immunity
This form of immunity involves T cells and is part of the Adaptive (Specific) immune response
Cell- mediated immunity
This form of vaccine contains partial viral subunits or bacterial proteins but cannot become infectious
This form of vaccination is engineered using weakened, but live microbes and will not cause disease unless a person is immunocompromised
Attenuated (live)
vaccines
With this form of vaccination, microbes have been inactivated and are unable to cause disease, but boosters are often necessary
Inactivated (killed)
Name the drug & class: this abx is often used for the tx of UTI, should be taken 4hrs before any antacid or ferrous sulfate and can cause irreversible tendinitis or tendon rupture
Ciprofloxacin, Fluroquinolone
Name the drug & class: this medication is often used prophylactically for heart, kidney, & liver transplantation, but will cause decreased UO in 74% of recipients and is nephrotoxic at high doses
Cyclosporin, immunosuppressant, calcineurin inhibitor
Name the drug and class: this medication is used to increase the actions of the immune system, is indicated for use in pts w/ certain cancers (malignant melanoma) or viruses (Hep B & C), but can cause fever, chills, dizziness & fatigue in 50% of recipients.
Interferon alfa- 2b (Intron A), immunostimulant, interferon, biologic response modifier
The largest drug class with five generations, works similarly to Penicillins, therefore, there is a cross- sensitivity risk
Cephalosporins
Recombinant and requiring three doses, this form of disease prevention should not be co-administered w/ immunosuppressants and is especially useful in pts w/ HCV & HIV infection or those who work in the medical field
Hep B vaccine
Used as alternative therapy, this popular botanical is used to "boost the immune system" but can interfere w/ drugs that have immunosuppressant effects
Name the drug: the most effective drug for the treatment of MRSA, there is a risk of ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome.
Vancomycin
Name the drug & class: This antibacterial is typically only administered IV (due to poor oral absorption), requires assessment over the first 30 min of infusion, and OCPs may decrease its effectiveness
Penicillin G, penicillin, cell wall inhibitor
This drug class is one of the safest, but is notorious for causing allergic reactions, and works by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis
Penicillins
Name the drug class: this abx class inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, is indicated for used to treat Pertussis, is bacteriostatic at low doses & bactericidal at high doses
Macrolides
Name the drug & class: this medication increases risk of nephrotoxicity if used w/ other nephrotic drugs, is not effective against MRSA, and can cause superinfection w/ prolonged use
Cefazolin, 1st gen cephalosporin
Name the drug & class: indicated for use in the tx of acute, uncomplicated UTI, this medication should be taken w/ a full glass of water but can cause agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity, and should not be taken w/ potassium supplements
Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), sulfonamide, folic acid inhibitor
Name the drug class: this abx class is poorly absorbed in the GI tract and can cause serious ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides
Name the drug & class: this medication, indicated for use in the tx of Rickettsiae, should be taken w/ a full glass of water but not w/ iron or milk, can cause discoloration of teeth and photosensitivity, and should not be used in children <8 or pregnant women.
Tetracycline (Achromycin), tetracycline
Name the drug & class: this medication, indicated for use in the tx of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) & acute otitis media (AOM) in children, can cause hepatotoxicity and induce dysrhythmias in pts w/ prolonged QTc
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Name the drug & class: not available PO, this medication requires peak serum monitoring due to its ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity risk and is often used to treat serious infection (urinary/resp/nervous/GI)
Gentamicin, aminoglycoside