General Immunity
What does the skin secrete as part of your innate external immunity?
Oleic acid
What makes up an immunoglobulin?
Four polypeptide chains; Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains
If you saw a patient with chloromas (purple nodules) what disease would you associate with this?
Neutrophilia
What is the number one treatment for suspected anaphylaxis?
EPINEPHRINE; reverse the hypotension and hypoxemia.
2nd: Replacing intravascular volume
List the monomer immunoglobulins
IgD, IgE, IgG
Mast cells are to allergic reactions as myeoblasts are to _____
WBCs
Which immunoglobulin has the longest life span?
IgG; 21 days
What happens if there is a deficiency in the C1 esterase inhibitor?
Hereditary angioedema, caused by excessive bradykinin leading to leaky capillaries. C1 esterase acts as the "shut off button" in the complement system
What is an anaphylactoid reaction?
one that is NOT mediated by the immune system; mediators released from mast cells and basophils are a result of direction interaction with drug or toxin
What is something that is extremely important for patients with hyposplenism?
Immunization. Key is prevention of infection in these patients and they rely heavily on the passive immunity
What are the two functions of the interferons?
1. Signal to other cells to resist and repel the invading virus (essentially recruits friends to join the fight) 2. Regulates the expression of antigens on cellular surfaces
After IgG what is the most common immunoglobulin?
IgA
What is kostmann syndrome?
Disorder of neutrophil maturation; no treatment, 70% fatal. Requires bone marrow transplants
What is the treatment for acute angioedema?
FFP! 2-4 units to replace C1 esterase into circulation
STARRED ITEM PER AJC!
What two vaccines are of the toxoid variety?
Diptheria and tetanus
What is the role of blood protein transferrin in chemical internal immunity?
Binds iron and delivers it to cells that need it while denying the bacteria access
Where do you find immunoglobulins?
Breast Milk, tears, saliva, gastric secretions, mucosal secretions, mucosal lining of trachea
What occurs if there is a deficiency in the C9 and alternative pathways of the complement system?
Neisseria infections (gonorrhea, menigitis, sepsis); STARRED ITEM per AJC
What are the 4 diseases associated with excessive innate immunity?
What is the role of a suppressor T cell?
The "off switch" for the immune response. Shuts it down.
Name the 3 types of interferons and what they are
Alpha= WBCs, Beta= Fibroblasts, Gamma= NKCs and Killer Ts
What is IgE's role and how prevalent is it?
VERY potent but only accounts for 0.01% of Antibodies. Degranulates mast cells (allergic reactions) and protect against parasites (helminths)
What causes neutropenia in adults (name 4)
Cancer chemotherapy, HIV treatment with zidovudine, drugs (antithyroid meds, analgesics, TCAs, etc), other diseases (SLE, RA, felty syndrome, chronic benign neutropenia)
Why are alcoholics at an increased risk of developing things like pneumonia and sepsis?
Complement components of the immune system are formed mostly in the liver
What is the difference between intrinsic asthma and extrinsic asthma?
Intrinsic= asthma is unrelated to the immune system it is triggered by cold, exercise, stress. Extrinsic= activated by IgE mediated products that results in cough, SOB