T Cell Activation
This cytokine is so heavily involved in T cell growth and expansion that it used to be called “T cell growth factor"
IL-2
T lymphocyte precursors differentiate into naïve CD4+ and CD8+ cells in this part of the lymphatic system
Thymus
B cells that attach to antigens with long, repeating epitopes generally don’t need help from these cells to activate
T cells
This portion of the antibody mediates their effector functions
The Fc portion
The name for "functional unresponsiveness" of lymphocytes that have been introduced to self-antigens is what?
Anergy
Along with an antigen, T cells require these in order to activate
Co-stimulators
CD4+ cells can only recognize antigens presented on these clusters on the surface of APCs
Class II MHCs
In the early stages B cell responses to foreign antigens, lower affinity antibodies of this subclass are typically produced
IgM
While antibodies may be the most effective opsonis, this part of the innate immune system also also serve effective opsonizers
Complement
Induction of self-tolerance of immature cells is carried out in what two lymphoid organs for T and C cells, respetively?
Thymus (T-cells) and Bone marrow (B-cells)
Dendritic cells and T cells both have a mutual chemokine receptor that bind to both of these two lymph node ligands
CCL19 and CCL21
To initiate their “killing mechanism, effector CD8+ cells require what signal or signals?
Antigen presentation on class 1 MHCs
When leaving the T cell zone for the follicle to meet up with B cells, T cells downregulate and upregulate these two chemokine receptors
CCR7 and CXCR5, respectively
Of the Fcγ receptors, this is the most potent phagocytosis initiator
FcγRI
Unlike other CD+ cells, Tregs are unable to produce this vital cytokine needed to stay alive
IL-2
Vaccines need to include these along with the antigen in order to induce an immune response
Adjuvants
Th1 CD4+ cells produce IFN-g that promotes B cells to undergo subclass switching to produce this specific antibody
IgG
After attaching to its antigen, T-dependent B-cell activation generally requires cytokine signaling and this ligand/receptor coupling
CD40L/CD40
Of the three complement pathways, this pathway is, evolutionary speaking, the oldest and simplest pathway
The alternate pathway
A CD4+ cell recognizing a self-antigen in the primary lymphoid organ can result in Anergy, Apoptosis, and what else?
Development of regulatory Treg CD4+ cells
This co-inhibitor competes for the same B7 ligands as CD28
CTLA-4
Activation of M1 macrophages requires what two signals?
IFN-gamma and CD40 binding ligand
This version of T-dependent B cell activation is remarkably similar to the T-independent type
Extrafollicular B cell activation
When left to continue complement activation at a pathogen surface, C5b through C9 combine to eventually form this
Membrane attack complex (MAC)
CTLA-4 is necessary for the up-front blocking of T-cell activation. What inhibitory receptor is involved in down-stream blocking of activated T-cells?
PD-1