Other
What are the Lymphoid Organs?
•Central (primary) lymphoid organs: Thymus gland -Involved in the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes
•Bone marrow: Produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
•Peripheral lymphoid organs: Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Spleen
Normal lab value for Neutrophil and indications for elevation
Normal Lab value 54-62
Elevated reasons: bacterial infections, stress
What is Neutropenia and causes?
List significant lab values r/t ANC.
Bone marrow does not produce enough neutrophils
•Absolute neutrophil count (ANC): <1000
•Severe neutropenia: ANC < 500
Causes: Leukemia, Chemo
•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
General, causes, S/S
•Chronic/ progressive inflammatory dx.
•Can cause major organs and systems to fail
•Leads to:
•No cure. Remissions by clients who manage their care well
•Unknown cause
About Scleroderma
•Chronic connective tissue disease characterized by inflammation, Sclerosis, and fibrosis of skin, vital organs, blood vessels and skeletal muscle.
•Renal failure and pulmonary HTN most common causes of death
• CREST syndrome has worse prognosis
•Calcinosis (calcium deposits in skin)
•Raynaud’s phenomenon
•Esophageal dysmotility
•Sclerodactyly (hardening of skin of digits)
•Telangiectasia (red spost on skin/lips)
Anaphylaxis s/s
Neuro: headache, dizziness, parasthesia, feeling of impending doom
Skin: pruritus, angioedema, erythemia, urticaria
Respiratory: hoarseness, coughing, wheezing, stridor, dyspnea, tachypnea, respiratory arrest
Cardiovascular: hypotension, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, cardiac arrest
GI: cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Normal lab value for Lymphocyte and indications for elevation
Normal lab value: 25-33
Elevated Levels may indicate: mononucleosis, whooping cough, viral infections
•IgG
•lgA
•lgM
•lgD
•lgE
SLE Assessment (S/S)
Dermatologic: Erythema to sun-exposed areas and on palms; butterfly rash on face/cheek
Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia - Joint pain & swelling; weight loss
Hematologic/nervous: Excessive fatigue
Renal: lupus nephritis, proteinuria, hematuria
Cardiopulmonary: Reynaud's Phenomenon, pericarditis, vascular inflammation; Tachypnea and cough = lung involvement
increased risk of infections, emotional lability
Diagnostic Test
•Antinuclear antibody (ANA) – identifies the
type of antibody that attacks tissues
Latex Allergy routes of exposure
•Cutaneous-gloves & balloons
•Percutaneous/parenteral: IV lines, catheters
•Mucosal – Condoms, catheters, airways
•Aerosol – Snapping of gloves from box or hands
Normal lab value for Monocyte and indications for elevation
Normal lab value: 3-9
Elevated Levels may indicate: Malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections
Diagnostic Test
•Antinuclear antibody (ANA) – Blood test - identifies the type of antibody that attacks tissues
Symptoms
•Arthralgia, stiffness
•Painless pitting edema of hands and fingers replaced by hardened skin
•Dysphagia, dyspepsia
Cytokines -
What are they?
How are they used?
•Substance that act as _messengers___between immune cells
•Can be proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory
•Can cause chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders
•Can be used in pt treatment
•erythropoietin – used to stimulate RBC production
•Colony-stimulating factors – stimulate WBC production (tx for chemo patients)
•Interferons – inhibit tumor cells and viruses (tx Hepatitis)
•Interleukins – anti-inflammatory, proinflammatory, or proliferation of B & T cells
Normal lab value for Eosinophil and indications for elevation
Normal lab value: 1-3
Elevated levels may indicate: allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, parasitic worms
SLE Interventions
•Clean with mild soap
•Administer iron, folic acid or other supplements for anemia
•Lots of rest
topical or systemic steroids
•Plasmapheresis to remove autoantibodies and immune complexes before organ damage occurs
•Urine testing for proteinuria
Interventions
•Skin protection
•Wear gloves and socks to keep warm
•PT/OT
Steroids - acute
People that are allergic to these fruits are increased risk of a latex allergy.
kiwi, bananas, avocados, pinapples
Normal lab value for Basophil and indications for elevation
Normal Lab value: <1
Elevated Levels may indicate: cancers, chicken pox, hypothyroidism