Lines of Defense
Viscous and forms an inner and outer layer in the colon to limit microbial interactions with the epithelium
What is mucus?
MAMPs generated by the fermentation of fiber.
What are short-chain fatty acids?
The NLR with genetic mutations associated with Crohn's disease
What is NOD2?
Make a panoply of chemokines, are important in forming the epithelial barrier, are adept at absorping water.
What are absorptive epithelial cells?
Possess a master-regulator transcription factor called FoxP3 and contribute to maintaining tolerance.
What are T-regs or regulatory T cells?
The TLR that binds LPS?
What is TLR4?
What is peptidoglycan?
What is RLR or RLR signaling?
Make mucus and are important antigen conduits
What are goblet cells?
Make IL-17 and IL-22
What are Th17 cells?
A cell type that is a member of the adaptive immune systems that has memory, makes cytokines, and helps B cells.
What are T cells?
Made by Bacteroides fragilis sounds like it is a prostate cancer biomarker
What is PsA (polysaccharide A)?
The following TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR11, TLR12, TLR13) localize to what cellular compartments?
What are endosomes?
Are key orchestrators of anti-parasite immunity and make a lot of IL-25
What are tuft cells?
Make Interferon-gamma and contribute to type 1 immune responses
What are T helper type 1 cells or Th1 cells?
A type of immunoglobulin produced at levels of 3-5g/day and present in the stool
What is IgA?
They are a key protein-component of tail-like structures possessed by bacteria and bind TLR5.
What is flagellin?
The following TLRs location here on host cells: TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6
What is the cell surface or the plasma membrane?
Make many anti-microbial peptides and lectins and are named after a famous physician-scientist
What are paneth cells?
An immune 'calming' cytokine made by Tregs?
What is Il-10?
An antimicrobial found in tears that can punch holes in cell membranes.
What is lysozyme?
An LPS derivative generated from Neisseria that activates NF-kB
What is D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose-1,7-biphosphate (HBP)?
The receptors that recognize microbial metabolites of tryptophan
What are aryl hydrocarbon receptors?
Secrete many hormones that regulate a variety of physiologic processes from glucose homeostasis to satiety
What are enteroendocrine cells?
A CD4+ T cell subset important for tissue repair and anti-parasite immunity
What are Th2 or T helper type 2 cells?