Prof Whitney if it was 100 women vs 1 gorilla
What type of immunity describes the 1st and 2nd line of defense?
innate
What type of immunity describes the 3rd line of defense?
The category of diseases that leads to the immune system attacking the body
autoimmune disease
Which branch of the immune system responds specifically to the flu vaccine?
Adaptive immunity
Bridgette, 16, collapses at the town hearing and fails to recover after prayer and sage. Bloodwork shows her immune system doesn't respond to vaccines or infections. What is her diagnosis?
Immunodeficiency
What is the job of the 1st line of defense
keep pathogens out on a physical level
What initiates the activity of the adaptive immune system?
presentation of a foreign antigen
The category of diseases that leads to your immune system becoming impaired
immunodeficiency disorders?
Why must the flu vaccine be taken every year, even if you've had it before?
Because influenza mutates frequently, changing its antigens and escaping immune memory
Bridgette complains of demons that are lighting her joints on fire. The town council suspects witchcraft, but her antibodies are targeting her cartilage. What disease might this actually be (we're still gonna burn her tho)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is the name for your body's foreign invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi?
pathogen
Name two types of cells in the adaptive immune system.
B cells and cytotoxic T cells
What is the name of the genetic disorder that occurs when your immune cells are nonfunctional/impaired from birth?
severe combined immunodeficiency disorder/SCID
Why do we use chicken eggs to grow the flu virus?
Chicken eggs provide a nutrient-rich environment that allows the influenza virus to replicate in large quantities for vaccine production
Bridgette's baby, Baljeet, who is still a toddler, sneezes near the village cow named Bessie and instantly gets sick. The town healer says his body lacks T helper cells. Before we tie her to a pole for indoctrinating her child, what’s his real condition?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Name two of the cellular signals released by the 2nd line of defense
cytokines and histamines
What immune cells destroy virus-infected cells?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
What cells are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes?
Explain the entire process of how a flu shot works
1. After being grown in chicken eggs in laboratories, flu virus is sucked out of eggs and washed to make it inactive.
2. Post-shot, your cells create antibodies to fight the inactive virus that just into your bloodstream.
3. After two weeks, antibodies develop and attack real flu virus and stop it from getting into your cells. You remain healthy.
Bridgette begins having seizures, fevers, and hallucinations. After a past infection, her immune system generates cytotoxic T cells that now attack neurons and other healthy cells. Villagers prepare the stake to burn her to. What advanced immune malfunction (involving cells) is responsible?
A - An overactive adaptive immune response targeting self-antigens (autoimmunity involving T cell misrecognition)
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
A pathogen mutates its surface antigens rapidly to avoid recognition by memory B and T cells. What does this reveal about a limitation in the adaptive immune system?
The adaptive immune system relies on stable antigens for effective memory response; rapid mutation can lead to immune evasion.
Explain how HIV and AIDS are connected
After receiving the flu shot, a patient still experiences mild symptoms when exposed to the virus. Antibody levels are elevated but not enough to prevent illness. What factor related to immune response timing might explain this?
The secondary immune response was activated but not fast or strong enough to completely neutralize the virus before symptoms appeared.
After being scratched by her black cat, Bridgette develops swelling and fever. The village priest believes she's cursed. But immune testing shows high cytokine levels and swelling at the site. What immune process is actually occurring?
Inflammatory response triggered by innate immunity