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What type of immunity describes the 1st and 2nd line of defense?
innate
What type of immunity describes the 3rd line of defense?
The category of diseases that leads to the immune system attacking the body
autoimmune disease
What is the job of the 1st line of defense
keep pathogens out on a physical level
What initiates the activity of the adaptive immune system?
presentation of a foreign antigen
The category of diseases that leads to your immune system becoming impaired
immunodeficiency disorders?
What is the name for your body's foreign invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi?
pathogen
Name two types of cells in the adaptive immune system.
B cells and cytotoxic T cells
What is the name of the genetic disorder that occurs when your immune cells are nonfunctional/impaired from birth?
severe combined immunodeficiency disorder/SCID
Name two of the cellular signals released by the 2nd line of defense
cytokines and histamines
What immune cells destroy virus-infected cells?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
What cells are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes?
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
A pathogen mutates its surface antigens rapidly to avoid recognition by memory B and T cells. What does this reveal about a limitation in the adaptive immune system?
The adaptive immune system relies on stable antigens for effective memory response; rapid mutation can lead to immune evasion.
Explain how HIV and AIDS are connected