Alenghat Fun
T cells that are induced by commensal SFB
What are TH17 cells?
Three signals required for T cell activation
What is TCR, costimulation, and immune modulatory cytokines
new word to describe all the microchimeric cells in an individual analogous to "micro biome" for all the genetically foreign cells in an individual.
What is microchiome?
While most of you are enjoying eating your pizza, this is the process by which macrophages actively engulf bacteria and large particles as a means of host defense
What is phagocytosis?
Calories in a slice of Adriaticos pizza
What is way to many?
Four types of secretory intestinal epithelial cells
What are Paneth cells, goblet cells, tuft cells, enteroendocrine cells?
Estimated number of T cells in an adult mouse
What is 30 million (acceptable 25-50 million)?
individual containing different kinds of genetically foreign cells
what is chimeria
Discovered in the 1980s, this is the enzyme responsible for converting the amino acid, L-arginine, into the bactericidal free radical, nitric oxide
What is nitric oxide synthase?
marker to distinguish regulatory T cells that come form the thymus compared with perisperhal induction
What is helios or neuropilin?
Phylum that ecoli belongs to
what is Proteobacteria?
Process where cells with "self" MHC mature and escape thymic deletion
Positive selection
percent of individuals with micro chimeric maternal cells
what is 100%?
Forget about alpha and beta, this is the key cytokine predominantly produced by Th1, CTL, and NK cells, which signals via STAT1 as a driver of classical macrophage activation
What is IFN-gamma?
Tolerance to antigens that are not genetically encoded
Peripheral tolerance
Intestinal epithelial cells thought to promote the stem cell niche
What are Paneth cells?
Process where self-reactive cells are eliminated in the thymus
what is negative selection?
Type of immune response that micro chimeric maternal cells elicit
Not to be confused with a certain milk sugar that many have difficulties tolerating, this molecule is an end-product of glycolytic carbohydrate metabolism, generally associated with muscle fatigue and soreness
What is lactate / lactic acid?
Lineage defining marker for CD4 T cell subset with active suppressive properties
What is FOXP3?
Subtype of ILCs that make IL-5 and IL-13
what are type 2 ILCs?
three ways to identify antigen-specific T cells
What are MHC multimers, response to antigen restimulation, and cells with defined restricted TCR expression
Tissue or organ that contains the most micro chimeric cells
What is (nobody knows and that is why we need to do the experiment)?
A Russian zoologist, he is the individual who is recognized for discovering macrophages in 1884, leading to a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908.
Who is Ilya Mechnikov?
By far the most relevant model for investigating how immune (peripheral immune) tolerance works
What is pregnancy?