Tolerance and Autoimmunity
Why are you so sensitive?
Immunodeficiencies
That's not my kidney!
My lovely little lumps (Check it out).
100
Central tolerance is achieved via this method of t-cell regulation.
What is deletion?
100
Repeated immunization with equine anti-Tetantus toxoid sera, may increase the risk of this type of hypersensitivity reaction and formation of these.
What are Type III and immune-complex deposits?
100
The most common secondary T-cell immunodeficiency in the US?
What is AIDS?
100
These antigens are most important to cross match during solid organ transplant, while these antigens are most important for bone marrow transplant
What are ABO antigens, and MHC Class 1 and Class 2
100
This process is critical for the establishment of tumor foci, it is the target of many drugs including bevacizumab (Avastin), and everolimus (Afinitor).
What is Angiogenesis?
200
Positive selection occurs here via interactions between these cells and immature T-cells, which have been induced to express self antigens from many organs by this transcription factor. Deficiency in this element leads to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome-1 which is seen at birth.
What are the thyme cortex, thymic epithelial cells, autoimmune regulatory element (AIRE)?
200
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are caused by degranulation of this cell, when antigen binds to this molecule which is bound to this high-affinity receptor. This compound mediated many of the effects seen in the acute phase
What are mast cells, IgE, FcER1, and histamine?
200
Leads to deficits in C3b opsonization, monocyte recruitment, CTL and NK-cell adhesion to target cells, and CD4+ T-cell and B-cell interactions. This white blood cell related function is also absent.
What are LAD-1 and pavementing?
200
This technique can be used to identify host-donor matches that may be susceptible to GvHD or HvGD.
What is MLR?
200
Overexpression/activity of HER2/Neu in breast cancer has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, HER2 is also normally expressed in many normal tissues. HER2 is best described in the context of tumors as this.
What are Tumor-Associated Antigens?
300
Expression of this antigen increases over time with increasing T-cell activation. It has this effect on T-cells.
What are CTLA4 and inhibition/down-regulation?
300
These cells are responsible for modulating the late phase of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
What are Th2 cells and eosinophils?
300
Characterized by recurrent infection by intracellular pathogens (viruses, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, PCP, and Candida)?
What are T-cell deficiencies?
300
Allogeneic transplant.
What is bone marrow transplant with cells from a non-self donor?
300
This antigen is expressed on most cells, normal and neoplastic, of B-cell lineage. It is the target of the monoclonal antibody rituximab. It is this type of antigen. Bonus. Rituximab is this type of mAb.
What are Tissue Specific Antigens and CD20? Bonus: What is a chimeric mAb?
400
Activation induced cell death (AICD) relies on interactions between theses molecules. Expression of this member of the pair is highly-regulated. This cytokine is required for signaling through this pair of antigens to trigger apoptosis via Caspase-8.
What are Fas/FasL, FasL, IL-2?
400
This condition is a shock-like, often fatal reaction that occurs with in minutes of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
What is systemic anaphylaxis?
400
This condition is characterized by a loss of this antigen (normally expressed on T-cells), and leads to a severe immunodeficiency. Treatments include IVIG, and prophylactic antibiotics.
What is CD40L and Hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM)?
400
This hematological malignancy is characterized by a reciprocal translocation on these chromosomes, leading to the transcription of this gene fusion product, and targetted by this well known drug.
What are Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), t(9:22), bcr-abl, and imatinib (Gleevec)?
400
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) is an approved therapy for late stage non-resectable or metastatic melanoma. It targets CTLA4 which is expressed on this cell to increase in immune response to tumors. It has this type of effect on CTLA4 signaling.
What are T-cells and antagonistic?
500
These cells mature through a process separate from more common lymphocytes. They are implicated in the lack of immune response to tumors, and deficiency in these cells can cause a disease known as IPEX. They have this immunophenotype.
What are Tregs (CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+)?
500
In type 4 hypersensitivity reactions, also know as this, these cells are stimulated by APCs and respond by proliferation.
What are Delayed Type Hypersensitivity, and Th1 Cells?
500
This condition is characterized by a loss of function in this enzyme, absence of this normal lymph node feature. Treatments include IVIG, and prophylactic antibiotics.
What are X-linked (infantile) agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, and Germinal Centers?
500
On biopsy, this condition is characterized by a mononuclear infiltrate (these cells) of mixed donor and host origin. Cyclosporin A targets this enzyme in this cell's activation pathway and may help reduce or eliminate the symptoms of this condition. When it occurs, it usually appears several months following transplant.
What are acute rejection, lymphocytes and macrophages, calcineurin, and T-cells?
500
Proteolytic shedding of this molecule can be a method of immune evasion for tumors. This molecule binds to he NKG2D receptor on this type of cell, and prevents an activating signal for CMI in response to this other common method of immune evasion employed by tumors.
What are MIC, NK-cell, and down regulation of MHC Class I expression?
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