Voltaire
How long did he live?
What three "natural rights" did Locke believe all humans are born with?
Life, liberty, and property.
Into which three branches did Montesquieu believe government power should be divided?
Legislative, executive, and judicial.
What did Hobbes call the natural condition of humanity where there is no government?
The State of Nature (or "war of all against all").
What is Machiavelli's most famous book, written as a guide for rulers?
The Prince
What did he use to criticize powerful institutions?
What was John Locke considered?
Considered the "Father of Liberalism"
What is the term for the system where each branch of government can limit the power of the others?
Checks and balances.
Hobbes used this biblical sea monster's name as the title for his book about a powerful government.
Leviathan
In The Prince, Machiavelli famously asks whether it is better for a leader to be these two things.
Feared or loved.
Who did his ideas influence?
Who did his political philosophy heavily influence?
What was the title of Montesquieu's 1748 masterpiece on political theory?
The Spirit of the Laws.
Hobbes believed people must enter into this agreement to trade some freedom for protection.
The Social Contract
This phrase is often used to summarize Machiavelli’s belief that a ruler can use immoral actions to achieve a good result for the state.
"The ends justify the means."
When did he write the famous satirical novella candide?
What was his quote All mankind .....?
All mankind... being all equal and independent
Montesquieu believed that this specific "tranquility of mind" comes from the feeling of safety under the law.
Political liberty.
Unlike Locke, Hobbes believed this form of government was necessary to keep people from killing each other.
Absolute Monarchy (or Absolute Sovereignty).
Machiavelli advised that a ruler must imitate these two animals to be successful.
The lion and the fox.
What is the ending to his quote common sense is not so ?
Which 1690 work by Locke argued that government's primary purpose is the preservation of property?
Two Treatises of Government
Montesquieu warned that combining these two specific powers in one person leads to tyranny.
Legislative and executive powers.
Hobbes famously described life in the state of nature using these five adjectives.
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
Machiavelli is often called the "father" of this school of political thought that looks at the world as it is, not as it should be.
Realism (or Political Realism).