Rebuilding China
This Sui emperor declared himself ruler and began reunifying China after centuries of division.
Wendi (General Wendi)
This religion taught escape from suffering and became popular during times of war; it spread to Korea and Japan. Name it.
Buddhism
Name one major export product of China during the Tang and Song dynasties.
Tea, silk, steel, paper, porcelain
The Mongols originally lived north of China on wide grassy plains called these. What are they?
The steppes
The Ming emperor who began the dynasty after overthrowing the Yuan was formerly a military officer named what?
Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu)
ThThe Sui built a major waterway connecting northern and southern China that helped trade and movement of grain. Name it.
The Grand Canal
The Tang rulers at first supported Buddhism, including building monasteries; later they turned against it and destroyed temples in favor of this native system of thought. Name it.
Confucianism
This new strain of rice from Vietnam helped Song China grow more food and support a larger population. What is it called?
Champa rice
This leader unified the Mongol clans and launched invasions across Eurasia. Name him.
Genghis Khan
This massive palace complex in Beijing was built during the Ming and housed the emperor and his household. Name it.
The Forbidden City
The Tang restored a strong central government and used this system (based on testing) to choose officials rather than family ties. Name it.
The civil service exam / civil service system
This revival blended Confucianism with elements of Buddhism and Daoism and emphasized moral life in this world and the afterlife. What is it called?
Neo-Confucianism
List two technological or farming improvements mentioned that increased agricultural productivity.
Iron plows; waterwheel irrigation; improved irrigation methods
Kublai Khan established this dynasty in China and moved the capital to Khanbaliq (Beijing). What is the dynasty name?
Yuan dynasty
The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored large maritime voyages led by this admiral and court official who sailed with hundreds of ships. Who is he?
Zheng He
This Tang ruler redistributed land to peasants and helped bring peace early in the dynasty (name the emperor credited with reforms and stability).
Taizong
The civil service exam favored this social group because it required money for tutors and years of study. Which group was advantaged?
Nobles/wealthy
This Chinese invention, improved by Pi Sheng, allowed characters to be rearranged and sped up book production. Name it.
Movable type printing
Give two ways the Mongols governed differently than traditional Chinese dynasties.
They did not use civil service exams or scholar-officials; they allowed non-Chinese in government jobs and kept Mongol laws/customs separate; they generally allowed religious freedom
Name one reason Chinese officials stopped Zheng He’s voyages and dismantled the ships after his death.
Cost of voyages (expensive), officials worried about foreign influence/ideas, and changing priorities after Zheng He’s death
After the Tang, one general founded the Song dynasty and established a powerful centralized state. Who was he?
Zhao Kuangyin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizu
Explain briefly (1–2 sentences) why Buddhism became popular in Tang China after the fall of the Han dynasty.
Because civil wars caused suffering (death, hunger, lack of shelter), people turned to Buddhism for answers and monks provided social services (schools, food, shelter, medical care)
Describe (1–2 sentences) two ways canals, roads, or trade routes changed China’s economy under the Tang and Song dynasties.
Canals and roads improved internal transport (e.g., Grand Canal and 30,000 miles of canals), reopened Silk Road for long-distance trade, and allowed cities to grow wealthy from trade
Explain briefly how the Mongols were able to build a vast empire quickly.
exceptional horseback and archery skills, highly organized military units, strategy of terror, rapid mobility, and leadership under Genghis Khan
Describe (1–2 sentences) how Ming China changed its relationship with foreign lands during and after the voyages of Zheng He, including interactions with Europeans.
The voyages expanded China’s contact (tribute, trade goods returned, diplomatic presence), but after Zheng He’s death China limited maritime activity, Europeans later arrived (Portugal 1514) and established limited trade posts