Vocabulary
A brother or sister
Sibling
Who was the first to unite Chine under one emperor?
Prince Zheng
"First Emperor of Qin"
After efforts to make a fair bureaucracy, what advantages did aristocrats have? (Give me 3 Advantages)
- They could afford tutors and books unlike the working class
- They could marry into imperial families
- They could receive personal recommendations from important figures
What were the five important relationships according to Zhu Xi?
Ruler and subject, father and son, older and younger siblings, husband and wife, and friend and friend
Why did Kublai Khan end the system of civil service exams?
Kublai Khan did not believe that Confucian learning was needed for government jobs nor did he want to rely on Chinese people to run his government.
Using reason and understanding
Rational
According to the Mandate of Heaven, when can people overthrow an emperor?
Natural disasters! (Floods, famines, plagues, and earthquakes)
Who were scholar-officials?
Scholars who were given government jobs only after passing a civil service examination to prove they were qualified.
According to emperors and scholars, knowledge of the ideas of Confucius would produce what type of government official?
Government officials who had studied Confucius would be rational, moral, and able to maintain order.
Whom did Kublai Khan choose to fill important government positions?
To fill important positions, he chose other Mongols whom he felt he could trust. Some of these people were his relatives. Unfortunately, many Mongols were illiterate, so they were forced to appoint trusted foreigners to government positions.
A test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government
Civil Service Examinations
What happened when China's bureaucracy became corrupt?
People suffered from high taxes, forced labor and attacks by bandits.
The government grew weak and was unable to protect people.
The civil service examination was based on what body of knowledge?
The teachings of Confucius!
- Chinese classics
- Poetry
- Legal and administrative issues
How did the process of becoming a government official change during the Song Dynasty?
People from lower classes were also allowed to become government officials by attending state-supported local schools and could go on to the university to become scholars.
What happened to Chinese scholars under Mongol rule?
Chinese scholars were appointed only as teachers and minor officials.
The political leader of a territory containing several countries or groups of people
Emperor
A military leader operating outside the control of goverment
Warlords
Belonging or relating to an emperor
Imperial
Why did people in medieval China want government jobs?
People wanted these jobs because government officials were respected and enjoyed privileges, such as being excused from taxes and military service.
How did hiring Scholar-Officials help China?
A highly complex body of workers with many levels of authority
Bureaucracy
A means of supplying land with water
Irrigation
A line of rulers descended from one family
Dynasty
A ruling class of noble families
Aristocracy
How did hiring Scholar-Officials Hurt China?
- The exams did not test understanding of science, mathematics, or engineering.
- Scholars had little respect for merchants, business, and trade.