Vocabulary
In your own words what is imperialism?
Imperialism: the domination by one country of the political, economic, and/or cultural life of another country or region
What are the TWO reasons why the Industrial Revolution will lead to imperialism during the 19th and 20th centuries
1. Need for raw materials
2. Need for new markets to buy and sell raw materials/ finished products
Why did Industrialized European nations want to colonize Africa?
Mainly because of raw materials and precious metals including
A. Gold
B. Diamonds
C. Ivory
D. Rubber
E. Oil
India was a colony of what country
Great Britain
What very addictive drug did Great Britain introduce to China during the 19th-20th centuries
Opium
What is another name for imperialism
Colonialism
In your own words what is nationalism, and how is nationalism a cause of imperialism during the 19th-20th centuries?
Nationalism: An attachment to a specific community and geographic location rooted in a common language, history, culture, and set of customs
The 1884 conference that split Africa up peacefully (like a cake) among European nations was known as
The Berlin Conference (1884-1885): headed by Otto von Bismarck
Major players at the Berlin Conference:
Germany, France, Portugal, Britain, Belgium, Italy, and Spain were all major players at the conference
What event led to the full control of India by the British monarchy
The Sepoy Mutiny (1857): Sepoys revolted against British officers
Results of the mutiny: While the rebellion was forcefully put down it did lead to control over India by the British government
The period when Japan began to westernize their government was known as what?
The Meiji Restoration
In your own words what is a viceroy? How does this relate to imperialism during the 19th-20th centuries
Viceroy: a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch
Name the THREE new innovations that made colonization possible during the 19th-20th centuries
1. Steamships
2. Quinine
3. Machine gun
What was the Congo "Free" State:
Be sure to include:
(A) What country/monarch controlled the region
(B) What they used the region for
(A) Belgium (under King Leopold II)
(B) It was established to collect rubber by enslaved Africans who were mutilated if they did not collect enough rubber
Name at least TWO positive effects of the British colonization of India
British rule brought stability and order to India
British hired Indians to build roads, canals,universities, medical centers, and railroads
By 1900, India had 25,000 miles of railroads
British helped improve Indian health and sanitation
British also helped establish schools in India that taught English
What was the cause of the Opium War (1839-1842) between the British and the Chinese
China trying to stop the trade of opium with the British
In your own words what are spheres of influence? How do they relate to imperialism during the 19th-20th centuries
Spheres of Influence: areas where foreigners have exclusive rights and privileges
In your own words, what is Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism: nations were engaged in a competition or “struggle for survival” where weakest people and nations would be destroyed and dominated while the strong grew in power and influence
They argued that they were bringing benefits of European culture, Christianity, and capitalism to “inferior” people
What two African nations were NOT colonized by the Europeans during the 19th-20th centuries
(1) Ethiopia
(2) Liberia
Name at least TWO negative effects of the British colonization of India during the 19th-20th centuries
British manufactured goods (like textiles) destroyed local industries and caused unemployment
Indian farmers switched to growing cotton causing a lack of food in India
Between 1800 and 1900, 30 million Indians died of starvation
Tax collectors (zamindars) took advantage of peasants in India
British disrespected Indian culture and heritage
Further tension between Hindus and Muslims with the Indian National Congress (INC), formed in 1885
What role did the United States play in the colonization of China by industrialized nations during the 19th-20th centuries?
The U.S. implements an Open Door Policy: It gave equal trading opportunities and fairness to spheres of influence in China.
Basically it made it so that a single country did not dominate Chinese markets
In your own words what is Extraterritoriality? How does Extraterritoriality relate to imperialism during the 19th-20th centuries
Extraterritoriality: living in a section of a country but not being subjected to their laws or courts
Name all five causes for imperialism during the 19th and 20th centuries
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Nationalism
3. Christianity
4. Social Darwinism
5. New Innovations
What battle resulted in the major defeat of the British military by the Zulu Kingdom
Battle of Isandlwana
During the British colonization of India
(A) Who was the Empress of India?
(B) What were the titles of British governors who ruled on behalf of the British government
(A) Queen Victoria
(B) Viceroys
Explain one similarity between the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Sepoy Mutiny in India
In both cases the people engaging in these revolts/ rebellions opposed European imperialism