Imperialism
What belief did Europe popularize to try to justify their actions towards the African people?
They believed that they were morally, culturally, and intellectually superior to African peoples, and that it was therefore their duty to "civilize" them.
Describe Africa before it was colonized.
It had its own culture, language, and religions. Groups were separated based on borders that they determined.
Why was Europe able to successfully conquer Africa?
They had better weapons and tools thanks to the industrial revolution.
How is the European cultural dominance over Africa similar to the residential school system? (i.e. what was the end goal in both cases?)
In both cases, they wanted to eradicate the other culture and assimilate people into European culture.
Define Nationalism.
The intense feeling of pride in belonging to a specific country.
The best land and jobs were given to white Europeans instead of Africans.
Europeans forced their own religion, culture, and laws over African peoples.
What is a colonial pact?
What economic and political factors pushed Europe to conquer Africa?
Each European country wanted to be the most powerful.
Colonies in the Americas were revolting and cutting off supplies of natural resources.
Africa had a lot of untapped natural resources.
Why was Africa forced to continue trading with its old mother country, even after gaining independence?
Europe exploited African resources so much that African people could not set up their own means of production. There was no capital in Africa.
Which European country owned the Congo?
Belgium
Why is the Suez Canal a strategic location to own and control?
Because whoever controls it has first hand access to global trade.
How did colonial pacts affect the African economy?
African people were no longer able to buy local products, which meant that African artisans could no longer make a living.
What is the scramble for Africa?
When European countries rushed to claim as much land in Africa as possible.
What cultural impacts did imperialism have on African countries?
They were taught European and Christian teachings and values. This actually changed African society as African people started to adopt these.
Who was the king of the European country that owned the Congo?
Define Imperialism
A policy by which a country extends its power and influence over other peoples or territories.
How were African populations affected by the Berlin conference?
Their borders were forcibly changed so that many were forced to live with enemy groups.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To divide up territory in Africa and determine which European countries got what.
How did Europe create conflict between African groups?
They forced conflicting groups to live together and favored some over others which increased tensions.
What natural resources were found in Africa?
Rubber, ivory, cacao, cotton, minerals.
How was imperialism in Africa similar to colonialism in the Americas?
The Europeans used force (better weapons thanks to industrial revolution) and diseases to subjugate them.
Describe the actions of African colonies in response to European oppression. Give one example.
Some tried to negotiate with the Europeans. Some joined European colonial armies to avoid abuse. Others rebelled, such as the Herero revolt.
How did the colonization of Africa lead to World War 1?
They were competing with each other to become the most powerful. This lead to a lot of tension between the European countries, and fostered a growing sense of nationalism, which worsened tensions.
Why are former colonies still in poverty even after gaining independence?
Rich countries still exploit poor countries in global trade
There was no interest or capital to start their own industries
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