Power and Control
This term describes a powerful country extending its control over other territories or societies.
Imperialism
Rubber, cotton, and minerals used to manufacture goods are examples of these.
Raw materials
This term describes actions taken to oppose imperial control, including protests and armed struggle.
Resistance
Britain sold this addictive drug in China, helping trigger a war over trade and imperial power.
Opium
Britain ruled this South Asian country, where cotton production and railways supported imperial trade.
India
Local rulers remain in office but carry out policies required by an imperial power. Name this method of rule.
Indirect rule
Coffee or sugar grown mainly for sale rather than the grower’s own consumption belongs to this category.
Cash crops
This ideology applied “survival of the fittest” to human societies to justify imperial domination.
Social Darwinism
This 1842 treaty ended the First Opium War and forced China to surrender Hong Kong to Britain.
Treaty of Nanjing
This European power established colonial rule over Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
France
A territory retains a local government but comes under a stronger foreign power’s control. Name this arrangement.
Protectorate
This medicine helped Europeans expand into regions where malaria had previously limited their presence.
quinine
This policy encouraged or pressured colonized people to adopt the imperial power’s language and culture.
Assimilation
These areas gave foreign powers special privileges over trade, railways, and mining within China.
Spheres of influence
Beginning in 1910, this conflict challenged Porfirio Díaz’s rule and included demands for land reform led by figures such as Emiliano Zapata.
Mexican Revolution
An imperial fleet threatens to bombard a port unless its government grants trading rights.
Gunboat diplomacy
A colony supplies cotton to British factories and buys British textiles. For the finished textiles, the colony serves as this.
An export market
This ideology could inspire both European demands for overseas empires and colonized peoples’ demands for independence.
Nationalism
China traded internationally before and after the Opium War, but foreigners gained greater control over its terms. Identify this as change, continuity, or both.
Both
This waterway made Egypt especially important to Britain by shortening the sea route to India.
Suez Canal
Foreign residents follow their own country’s laws rather than the laws of the country where they live.
Extraterritoriality
Railways linking inland mines to coastal ports primarily supported this process of removing resources for outside benefit.
Economic extraction
Imperial rulers used this idea to claim that colonized people needed their guidance, like children needing a parent.
Paternalism
Britain bought Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain but struggled to sell enough goods in return. Selling opium helped Britain reverse this trade problem.
A trade deficit
In the Congo, growing demand for this raw material connected industrial production overseas to forced labor under Leopold II.
Rubber