Imperialism
Name at least 3 imperializing countries who were involved in the Berlin Conference.
Ex. France, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands, Russia
Indian soldiers that were trained and fought like European powers.
What are sepoys?
What is the Berlin Conference? What was its aim?
The meeting in Berlin, Germany that effectively divided Africa under European control. Its aim was to keep European nations from fighting over colonies and territory in Africa.
What type of foreign policy did China have prior to European Imperialism.
Isolationism
The period of time when the Tokugawa shogunate ended and Japan was returned to imperial rule under an emperor. Also a time of major political, economic, and social change.
What was the The Meiji Restoration
Societies are engaged in a struggle for survival and the weakest people and nations are destroyed while the strongest survive.
What is Social Darwinism?
Define imperialism
When a less-developed country is controlled by a stronger country, politically & economically.
Great Britain called India the "Jewel in the crown" because....
India had a large number of natural resources and a huge population in which to sell goods in.
How many African nations were invited to participate in the Berlin conference?
Which rebellion was held as a result of the Opium trade continuing in China?
The Boxer Rebellion
How did the Tokugawa view foreign involvement in Japan?
The Tokugawa viewed foreigners negatively.
Which 18th century intellectual movement strongly emphasized rationale, critical thinking, and logic?
The Enlightenment
Define the White Man's Burden
European countries and America believing it was their duty to "civilize" the people of Africa
What is the name of the rebellion led by Indian military members against the British East India company to demonstrate anger towards treatment of Indians by British soldiers and imperialism?
What is the Sepoy Mutiny/Rebellion?
What happened in Africa as a result of the 1913 Natives' Land Act.
Europeans gained land and power in Africa and natives lost their land and autonomy.
What was one effect of the Treaty of Nanjing?
The Chinese needed to open five ports for trade.
The Chinese needed to pay reparations of Opium War
The Chinese needed to give Hong Kong to Great Britain.
What was one effect of the Meiji Restoration?
- a banking system was created
-improved transportation system
- more rights for people, especially women
-improved military
Name at least 1 Enlightenment philosopher we have discussed in class.
John Locke
Montesquieu
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Rousseau
Hobbes
What is a colony?
A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power
Name one positive impact of British imperialism in India.
-Railroads/schools/hospitals built
-Certain unethical Indian practices were abolished
-Trade was established
-Cultural diffusion
How were borders decided in Africa at the Berlin Conference?
They were formed by the European nations claiming land rather than the natural or culture borders that previously existed.
Areas of land exploited by industrialized power for resources but governing left to the Chinese.
What is a Sphere of Influence?
How did Japanese people view westernization?
-Some Japanese felt that it was necessary to modernize like the west.
Some Japanese felt it was wrong to turn their backs on traditional Japanese culture.
Who was the revolutionary leader whose goal was to get rid of Spanish rule and create a large, united Latin America?
Simon Bolivar
Give 2 motives that European powers sought to extend their influence over other countries during the Age of Imperialism.
- Economic reasons: looking for new markets, need for raw materials
- Political reasons: nationalism (competition between nations), military needs (bases/refueling stations for navy)
- Ideological: belief in European superiority/Social Darwinism, religion
- Religious: to spread Christianity
- Exploratory: to explore and expand
What did General Dyer order his troops to do during the Amritsar massacre?
Open fire on unarmed demonstrators
Describe the Boer Wars (1899-1902).
The Boer War was a conflict between the British, Zulus, and the Boers over territory and resources in Southern Africa. Both groups wanted the territory/raw materials there (DIAMONDS, also some gold). The Boers (a Dutch word meaning "farmers") were descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers in Southern Africa and had colonized the region first. British won.
What was the primary goal of the Boxer Rebellion?
To end foreign influence in China
This man from the United States military ended Japan's isolation when he forced Japan to sign the Treaty of Kanazawa, which opened Japanese ports up to merchant ships.
Who is Commodore Matthew Perry.
Define Nationalism and explain how it was a cause of imperialism.
Nationalism: the belief that one's greatest loyalty should be to one's country; an intense pride in one's language and culture.
Colonies were seen as representing a nation's power; in competing with other nations to prove themselves to be the best, European nations competed to have control of the most colonies.
How did the Industrial Revolution influence imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution allowed for more products to be made at a faster pace. This meant excess goods were produced that needed to be sold in new markets (outside of the country). It also meant that to keep production up, raw materials needed to be acquired. Through imperialism, industrialized nations sought to expand into new markets to sell their products into non-industrialized nations and to acquire raw materials from them.
Why were Indian Nationalists demonstrating in Amritsar.
They were demonstrating because of the forced draft and the heavy war tax.
Who were the Boers?
Dutch colonist farmers living in South Africa in search of land and resources to live off of.
Why were people upset with the Qing dynasty?
What war was fought over land in Korea and Manchuria? (Hint: one of the countries involved is a small island in Asia)
Russo-Japanese War
What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?
The main goal of the Congress of Vienna was to create a balance of powers after the political instability that the Napoleonic Wars left behind.