Imperialism
When one country socially, political, and economically dominates another.
What was the Berlin Conference?
Meeting held in Germany hosted by Otto von Bismarck for European countries to divide up parts of Africa to colonize. Held to avoid competition/conflict between European countries
What is the term for areas of China under control of foreign powers?
Spheres of Influence
What organization first began imperializing India?
What country colonized Ireland?
Britain
What is the "White Man's Burden"?
The idea that white people have a "responsibility" to "help" non white people outside of Europe because they believe white/European cultures to be superior. It is an excuse for imperialism.
What is the term to describe competition in Europe over colonizing Africa?
Scramble for Africa
What product finally forced China to open trade and how?
Opium -> addiction made people in China want to trade with the British
Who were Sepoys?
Indian soldiers working for the BEI army
What event led to over 2 million deaths in Ireland after 1845?
The Irish Potato Famine
Explain social darwinism
Survival of the fittest applied to humans. Some people deserve to survive/be more successful based on made up and disproven "racial" science
What resource were people in the Belgian Congo forced to mine?
Rubber
What group of people wanted to get rid of foreign influence in China and why?
The Boxers -- felt threatened by impact of Christianity
What was the short term/ Final cause for the Sepoy Rebellion?
Rumors of animal fat on bullet casings of the Sepoy's guns
What was a natural cause of the famine of 1845?
Blight of potatoes
Explain how capitalism causes imperialism
Capitalism means you need to constantly be producing and selling things for profit. There need to be people who are exploited in order for there to be "winners," or people who profit so much.
People from capitalist nations take colonies to exploit the resources of non industrialized nations in order to create products they will then sell back to these colonies
Explain 2 effects of imperialism in Africa
- Land dispossession
- Forced labor
- Harsh punishments
- Unfair taxes
What event led to the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing?
China losing the Opium Wars
What was a political effect of the Sepoy Rebellion?
India became a British Colony formally
Why were the Irish left with nothing to eat when the potato became inedible after 1845
British sold / exported the other healthy crops
Who wrote the "White Man's Burden" poem?
Rudyard Kipling
What was the only country in Africa that was able to resist imperialism completely?
Ethiopia
What was one term of the Treaty of Nanjing?
Ceding Hong Kong to the British
Reparations
More spheres/unequal treaties
What was the nickname for India as a British Colony?
the "jewel" in her crown
Why did Charles Trevelyn refuse to provide for the Irish poor during the famine?
Strong belief in Adam Smith / capitalism and that the government should not help poor people.